Development of CLRV Standards and

Review of Existing Policies and

Regulation KARL B. N. VERGEL

Transportation & Environment Group

National Center for Transportation Studies &

Institute of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering

University of the Philippines Diliman

24 October 2012

Dona Jovita Garden Resort, Calamba City, Laguna

PCIEERD

1

DOST 4A

Development of CLRV Standards Definition

A customized local road vehicle (CLRV) is defined as a

motor vehicle that is manufactured, assembled or rebuilt

using new or remanufactured parts or a combination of

both, driven or used upon highways for the purpose of

transporting people and/or goods

from

Philippine National Standard (PNS) 2060:2007,

promulgated in 2007 by the DTI-BPS

The initial standard is a product of the Sub-Committee 28

(Customized Road Vehicles), under the Technical

Committee 44 (Road Vehicles) of the DTI-BPS

chaired by the UP National Center for Transportation

Studies, the Sub-Committee started its work in 2004 2

PCIEERD DOST 4A

Development of CLRV

Standards Background

• Customized local road vehicles are made of surplus/secondhand parts and components

• according to an DOST-ERDT study in 2009, focusing on the jeepneys:

share of raw materials: 63% new (50-80%)

37% surplus/secondhand (20-50%)

survey of 12 manufacturing firms in Metro Manila, Laguna, Rizal and Cavite:

average production of 2.9 units per month (ranging from 1 to 8 per month)

• the jeepney is classified and lumped into the utility vehicle (UV) category

• a jeepney that is assembled and registered for the first time, it follows the guidelines

governing rebuilt vehicles (e.g. emission standards)

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

Development of CLRV

Standards • according to the LTFRB, in 2007:

• public utility jeepneys: 48,832 vehicles in Metro Manila (213,707 nationwide)

• as of 2006, at least 216,988 jeepney vehicles are used as public passenger transport

(registered as public utility jeepneys or PUJ) in the country, or 67% of the total 325,649

vehicles with road passenger transport service franchises

• in 1996 in Metro Manila, trips made by public utility jeepneys comprise 39% of the daily

person trips according to the Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study

(MMUTIS) or 55% of daily person trips using public transport

• historical data (Databook on Philippine Transportation, UP-NCTS): share of jeepneys in

daily person trips:

• 46% (1974) 59% (1980) 56% (1985) 50% (1989)

• the share of intra-regional person trips using the jeepney ranged from 22 to 36% in regional

areas such as Quezon, Palawan and Panay based from DPWH surveys conducted in 2006 4

PCIEERD DOST 4A

Development of CLRV

Standards Background

According to JICA Study in 1995 focusing on the jeepney:

• work trips commuting demand was significant enough to encourage jeepney services to serve

the affluent commuter moving from the suburb to the urban or vice versa

• jeepneys are used not only by the very poor but by middle and upper income groups

• jeepneys are privately owned and operated, with the fleet mostly owned by individual

operators who lease them to drivers

• vehicles are assembled locally

• the dominance of jeepneys have resulted from generally dispersed travel demand pattern in

Metro Manila.

Other factors leading to dominance of jeepneys include:

• abundant low-cost labor that contributes to low operating costs,

• self-management system of the industry including the support of jeepney association, the

availability of local technology for vehicle supply, fare levels about equal to those for buses

whose service level is generally lower than that provided by the jeepney 5

PCIEERD DOST 4A

Development of CLRV

Standards Scope of Work

• CLRV Industry Study

• Development of survey instrument for the national survey

• CLRV Fleet Characterization

• Evaluation of CLRV Specifications and Drafting of PNS

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

Review of Existing Policies and

Regulations

• 1968 Vienna Conventions of the United Nations on Road Traffic and

Road Signs and Signals

(Presidential Decree No. 207 June 6, 1973 that ratified the Convention)

• Republic Act No. 4136: Land Transportation and Traffic Code

• Revised Administrative Order on the New MVIS and Promulgating the

Rules and Regulations in the Implementation Thereof (AO-2009-018),

Land Transportation Office

7

PCIEERD DOST 4A

1968 Vienna Conventions of the

United Nations on Road Traffic and

Road Signs and Signals

Chapter III - Conditions for the Admission of Motor Vehicles and Trailers to

International Traffic

Article 35 Registration

• date of registration of vehicle

• name or trademark of vehicle maker

• serial number of the chassis (the maker's production or serial number)

• permissible maximum mass (goods vehicle)

• unladen mass (goods vehicle)

• period of validity

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

1968 Vienna Conventions of the

United Nations on Road Traffic and

Road Signs and Signals

Annex 5 – Technical Conditions Concerning Motor Vehicles and Trailers

Chapter I – Braking

A. Braking of motor vehicles other than motor cycles

Vehicle must have brakes that is capable of following 3 braking functions:

a) service brake; b) parking brake; c) secondary (emergency) brake

• Combination of controls

• Action of service brake on all wheels

• Capability of action of secondary or parking brake on at least 1 wheel on both sides

• Permanent connection of braking surfaces to the wheels and strength

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

1968 Vienna Conventions of the

United Nations on Road Traffic and

Road Signs and Signals

Chapter II – Vehicle lighting and light-signalling devices

21. Number and color of driving lamps (front / main beam head lamps)

22. Number and color of passing lamps (front / dipped beam head lamps)

23. Number and color of front position lamps (front parking lamps)

24. Number and color of rear position lamps (tail lamps)

25. Lighting device for rear registration number plate (plate number light)

26. Electrical connections of lamps

27. Number, color and shape of red reflex-reflectors and their night visibility

31. Number, color and luminous intensity of red stop lamps (stop lamps)

PCIEERD

10

1968 Vienna Conventions of the United Nations

on Road Traffic and Road Signs and Signals

Chapter II – Vehicle lighting and light-signalling devices

39. Number, color, flashing and visibility of fixed direction indicators

40. Number, color and illumination of front fog lamps

41. Color and operation mechanism of reversing lamps (e.g. lights only during reverse gear)

42. No other lamp (except direction-indicator, special warning) shall emit winking/flashing

light

43. Ability to emit hazard warning signal

44. Color of rear fog lamps

45. Requirement of amble side reflex-reflectors for more than 6-meter long vehicles

Chapter II – Vehicle lighting and light-signalling devices

42. Color and number of marker lamps (colored riding lights required if width is greater

than 2.1 m) – front (white or amber) and rear (red)

42. Color of side lamps

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

Republic Act No. 4136: Land

Transportation and Traffic Code Article IV Accessories of Motor Vehicles

Section 34

(a) Tires of motor vehicles

(b) Brakes

(b-1) Horns

(c) Headlights

Riding lights

(d) Taillights

(e) Stop lights

(g) Parking lights

(h) Windshield wiper

(j) Mufflers 12

PCIEERD DOST 4A

AO-2009-018: Revised AO on the

New MVIS and IRR 5.2 Frequency of Inspection

For rebuilt vehicles, it is inspected before initial registration and annually thereafter

7.4.2.1 Body and Frame Structure

7.4.2.1.1 Dimensions: Maximum Length, Maximum Width and Maximum Axle Weight

7.4.2.1.2 Frame and Body (3 provisions on material strength, connection, protrusion)

7.4.2.1.3 Riding Accommodation (7 provisions on passenger compartment safety, ventilation,

upholstery for comfort, full view for driving, passenger compartment lighting, floor board

condition, driver and passenger doors)

7.4.2.1.4 Goods-loading Accommodation

7.4.2.2 Seatbelts and Anchorage (in accordance with RA 8750 Seatbelt Law and IRR)

7.4.2.3 Parking Lamp (4 provisions on wiring, color of front and rear lamps)

7.4.2.4 End-Outline Marker Lamp (2 provisions on installation, color)

13

PCIEERD DOST 4A

AO-2009-018: Revised AO on the

New MVIS and IRR

14

7.4.2.5 Driving Beam (Main) Headlamp and Passing Beam (Dipped) Headlamp

(6 provisions on number, color, illumination, intensity, installation, beam axis)

7.4.2.6 Direction-Indicator Lamp

(3 provisions on number, color, installation, wiring/mechanism)

7.4.2.7 Reversing Lamp

(5 provisions on wiring, number, installation, color, beam axis, intensity)

7.4.2.8 Number Plate Lights

(2 provisions on number, color and wiring/mechanism of operation)

7.4.2.9 Hazard Warning Lamp

(2 provisions on wiring/mechanism of operation, color, installation)

7.4.2.10 Tail Lamp

(2 provisions on number, visibility at night, color)

PCIEERD DOST 4A

AO-2009-018: Revised AO on the

New MVIS and IRR

15

7.4.2.11 Stop Lamp

(4 provisions on number, wiring/mechanism, color, intensity compared to tail lamp)

7.4.2.12 Windshield/Window Glass

(1 provision on material requirement for transparency, view in case of breakage)

7.4.2.13 Wiper/Washer

(3 provisions on mechanism of operation, number, installation to ensure view,

durability)

7.4.2.14 Horn

(3 provisions on type, sound quality, sound level)

7.4.2.15 Retro-Reflectors

(2 provisions on location, visibility at night, color)

PCIEERD DOST 4A

AO-2009-018: Revised AO on the

New MVIS and IRR

16

7.4.2.16 Number Plates

(2 provisions on location, installation for visibility and readability)

7.4.2.17 Interior Light

(2 provisions on number, color, intensity, wattage)

7.4.2.18 Floor Board

(1 provision on cleanliness of surface)

7.4.2.19 Rear View/Side Mirror

(2 provisions on presence and adjustability for a clear view of rear and right side of

vehicle)

7.4.2.20 Panel Gauges

(1 provision on presence of temperature, fuel, oil , speedometer and

tachometer gauges, tamper resistance, installation for readability while driving)

PCIEERD DOST 4A

AO-2009-018: Revised AO on the

New MVIS and IRR

17

7.4.2.21 Brake System/Parking Brake

(9 provisions on two separate lines for independent functioning, strength and

durability, installation so as not to interfere with steering system, connections, service brake

performance and construction, brake fluid, parking brake)

7.4.2.22 Clutch System

(1 provision on operation ensuring no slippage and shuttering)

7.4.2.23 Steering System

(6 provisions on components, construction/installation, steering angle (left and right)

and steering forces)

7.4.2.24 Driver and Passenger Seat

(1 provision on width (35 cm) and length (60 cm) and leg room (20 cm)

PCIEERD DOST 4A

AO-2009-018: Revised AO on the

New MVIS and IRR

18

7.4.2.25 Tires/Wheels

(3 provisions on mounting, cracks/damages, conformity to PNS 25 for tires and

wheels)

7.4.2.26 Wheel Bolts/Nuts

(1 provision on completeness of stud bolts and nuts)

7.4.2.27 Fuel Tank/Fuel Tank Cap

(3 provisions on installation, location, piping construction, fuel tank cap)

7.4.2.28 Fuel System

(6 provisions on installation, material of construction, construction and location of

filler and gas vent)

PCIEERD DOST 4A

AO-2009-018: Revised AO on the

New MVIS and IRR

19

7.4.2.29 Auxiliary Headlamp

7.4.2.30 Fog Lamp

7.4.2.31 Electrical System

7.4.2.32 Control System

7.4.2.33 Muffler System

7.4.2.34 Motor Vehicle Airconditioning System

7.4.2.41 Sound Level Meter

7.4.2.42 Early Warning Device (as per LOI 229)

7.4.3 STAGE III – Under Carriage Inspection

PCIEERD DOST 4A

Review of Other Existing Regulations

• Act 3992

• Republic Act No. 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Act

• Republic Act No. 8750 – Seat Belt Act

• Republic Act No. 8794 – Motor Vehicle Users’ Charge (MVUC) Law

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

Review of Other Existing Regulations

Act 3992

• provides that motor vehicles prior to registration shall be brought for ocular

inspection of the serial and motor numbers, seating capacity

• case of motor trucks and jitney, measurement of width, length, height and

other data

21

PCIEERD DOST 4A

Review of Other Existing Regulations

Republic Act No. 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Act (CAA)

• Section 21 of the CAA requires that any imported new or locally assembled

new motor vehicle shall not be registered unless it complies with the emission

standards set pursuant in the Act as evidenced by a Certificate of Conformity

(COC) issued by the DENR

• new motor vehicle – motor vehicles designed and manufactured in the

Philippines using brand new engines and spare parts; assembled using

original and new CKD components and parts; new imported CBU motor

vehicles

22

PCIEERD DOST 4A

Review of Other Existing Regulations

Republic Act No. 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Act (CAA)

• The DOTC shall enforce compliance with the emission standards for

motor vehicles set by the DENR

• DOTC/LTO to carry out emission test for type approval

• while DOTC/LTO is developing the MV type approval system test,

previous emission test results of pre-production engine vehicle type duly

authenticated by Philippine Embassy of the country of origin of the

motor vehicle shall be valid (manufacturer’s certification)

• For newly assembled jeepneys with secondhand engines, it is classified as

rebuilt vehicles and follows emission test procedures of in-use vehicles

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

Review of Other Existing Regulations

Republic Act No. 8794 – Motor Vehicle Users’ Charge (MVUC) Law

• Legal basis for classification of motor vehicles

• The LTO shall submit any recommendation for any change in the

classification of motor vehicles for approval of the Secretary of DOTC

• All manufacturers and / or assemblers of the motor vehicles shall, not later

than 3 months prior to the introduction of any new model of motor

vehicle in the market, submit the specifications of such new model to the

LTO which shall recommend for approval by the Secretary, the proper

classification of the new model and the rate of MVUC fee under which the

new model shall fall

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

25

According to the Land Transportation Office (as per MVUC Law):

Car – refers to a four-wheeled motor vehicle used for the carriage of not

more than six (6) passengers including the driver and having a gross

vehicle weight not exceeding 2,500 kilograms (DENR AO-98-46 dated

06-29-98 and DENR AO-2000-03 dated 01-07-00)

Sports Utility Vehicle – includes but not limited to any imported

[Completely Built Unit (CBU), Semi-knocked-down (SKD), Completely-knocked-down (CKD)] utility vehicle, Model 1991 or later with imported

machine-cast body shell, specially designed to transport persons and not

used primarily for the carriage of freight, merchandise, or cargo, and

having characteristics, features and amenities similar to those of a car or

automobile such as the following: Mitsubishi Pajero/Montero, Nissan Patrol,

Nissan Terrano, Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota RAV 4, Range Rover, Land Rover, Ford

Expedition, Jeep Cherokee, Daihatsu Feroza, Suzuki Vitara, Honda CR-V, Mercedes

Benz Musso, Kia Sportage, Opel Vectra and the like; (1990 models or earlier are

treated as ordinary UV. (R.A. 8794, 16 August 2000 and LTO-MC-BGCMC-01320, 26 January 2001)

PCIEERD DOST 4A

26

According to the Land Transportation Office (as per MVUC Law):

Utility Vehicle – includes pick-ups (a light truck having an enclosed cab

and an open body with low sides and tailgate., pickup truck is a vehicle

with gross weight of up to 3 tons. – EO 156) and imported passenger

van/wagon not used to carry cargo and whose GVW does not exceed

4,500 kgs. (R.A. 8794)

Review of Other Existing Regulations

PCIEERD

Review of Other Existing Regulations

Republic Act No. 8750 – Seat Belt Law

Sec. 4. Mandatory Use of Seat Belts.

• requires driver and front seat passengers to use seat belt devices

Sec. 7. Provisions for Seat Belt.

• requires car manufacturers, assemblers and distributors to ensure that seat belt devices are

properly installed before the distribution and sale of the said vehicles as determined by the IRR

thereon: Provided, That manufacturers, assemblers and distributors of jeepneys may install

a pelvic restraint or lap belt only in the driver's and front seat passengers' seats and this

shall be considered as substantial compliance with the requirements of this Act.

•Sec. 9. Type of Seat Belt Devices Required.

• the seat belt devices required to be installed in all motor vehicles shall comply with the

standards and specifications established by the DTI-BPS in consultation with the DOTC/LTO:

Provided, That the seat belt devices installed in imported second-hand motor vehicles shall

conform to the standards and specifications of the BPS for purposes of importation and

registration.

PCIEERD

27

Review of Other Existing Regulations

Republic Act No. 4109 – Standardization Law of the Philippines, 1964

• Bureau of Product Standards as the national standards body of the Philippines

• BPS to develop, promulgate, implement and coordinate standardization activities in the

Philippines

• Products under mandatory product certification are subjected to testing and certification of the

BPS prior to distribution in the market and selling.

•A manufacturer or importer whose product is under mandatory product certification cannot

sell or distribute without the license and clearance from BPS authorities to use the PS Mark or

the ICC Mark.

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PCIEERD DOST 4A

Review of Other Existing Regulations

Road Vehicle Parts and Components Requiring Mandatory Product

Certification:

• pneumatic tires

• inner tubes

• seat belts

• brake fluids

• lead acid storage batteries

• automotive glass

• Auto LPG Cylinders and Auto LPG Conversion Shops

29

PCIEERD DOST 4A

30

Development of CLRV

Standards

Directions for Standardization • Summary of CLRV survey data and initial assessment of

compliance with existing standards and regulations on:

vehicle construction; seatbelts, lamps; glass, wipers, horn,

retro-reflectors; braking system; clutch and steering system;

seats; tires; wheels; fuel system; electrical and control system;

muffler system; air-conditioning system

• Selection of the most compliant companies and vehicle models

for more detailed assessment (local and international standards)

• Development of local vehicle standards not covered by existing

regulations and standards (e.g. passenger entrance, chassis,

appropriate engine size)

PCIEERD DOST 4A

31

Development of CLRV

Standards

Directions

• Inspection During New CLRV Registration to check compliance

with provisions of the LTO Administrative Order (AO-2009-018)

• Inspection During New CLRV Registration of Road Vehicle Parts

and Components Requiring Mandatory Product Certification PNS 06 – Lead-acid starter batteries

PNS 25 – Pneumatic Tires

PNS 34 – Rubber inner tubes for pneumatic tires

PNS 1892 – Road vehicles – Safety-belts and restraint systems

PNS 04 – Road vehicles – Automotive LPG components Containers PNS 34 – Safety glass for road vehicles

PCIEERD DOST 4A

32

Development of CLRV

Standards

Directions

• Review of LTO vehicle classification and alignment with

PNS 2060: 2007 vehicle classification for quantification and characterization of CLRVs in the

utility vehicle (UV) category

PCIEERD DOST 4A