FIGURE 4.1 Georg Simon Ohm.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.2 Basic circuit.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.3 Defining polarities.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.4 Example 4.3.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.5 Example 4.4.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.6 Plotting Ohms law.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.7 Demonstrating on an I-V plot that the less the resistance, the steeper is the slope.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.8 Applying Eq. (4.6).Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.9 Example 4.5.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.10 Semiconductor diode characteristic.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.11 James Watt.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.12 Defining the power to a resistive element.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.13 Battery power: (a) supplied; (b) absorbed.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.14 Example 4.6.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.15 The nonlinear I-V characteristics of a 75-W light bulb.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.16 Wattmeter. (Courtesy of Electrical Instrument Service, Inc.)Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.17 Wattmeter connections.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.18 Energy flow through a system.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.19 Basic components of a generating system.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.20 Cascaded system.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.21 James Prescott Joule.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.22 Kilowatthour meters: (a) analog; (b) digital. (Courtesy of ABB Electric Metering Systems.)Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.23 Cost per kWh and average kWh per customer versus time. (Courtesy of Edison Electric Institute.)Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.24 Fuses: (a) CC-TRON (0-10 A); (b) subminiature solid matrix; (c) Semitron (0-600 A). (Courtesy of Bussman Manufacturing Co.)Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.25 Circuit breakers. (Courtesy of Potter and Brumfield Division, AMF, Inc.)Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.26 Ground fault current interrupter (GFCI) 125-V ac,60-HZ, 15-A outlet. (Courtesy of Leviton, Inc.)Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.27a Microwave oven: (a) photo.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.27b (b) basic construction.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.28 200-A service conductors: (a) 4/0 aluminum and 2/0 copper; (b) three-wire 4/0 aluminum service.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.29 Circuit to be analyzed using Pspice and Electronics Workbench.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.30 Using PSpice to determine the voltage, current, and power levels for the circuit of Fig. 4.29.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.

FIGURE 4.31 Using Electronics Workbench to determine the voltage and current level for the circuit of Fig. 4.29.Robert L. BoylestadIntroductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458All rights reserved.