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Year 7 Science: Cells and Life Processes

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Describe the life processes of movement, reproduction, sensitivity, growth, respiration, excretion and nutrition.

Know how to use a stereomicroscope and a monocular microscope and their basic structures

Know that plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells and bacterial cells are prokaryotic

Plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

Bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells) are much smaller in comparison. They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. It is a single DNA loop and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.

Students should know the function of; the nucleus, cell membranes, mitochondria, chloroplasts in plant cells and plasmids in bacterial cells.

Most animal cells have the following parts: • a nucleus • cytoplasm • a cell membrane • mitochondria • ribosomes.

In addition to the parts found in animal cells, plant cells often have: • chloroplasts • a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap. Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell.

Student should know how the following cells are adapted to do their function (job)• sperm cells, nerve cells and muscle cells in animals • root hair cells, xylem and phloem cells in plants.

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms.

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function.

Organs are groups of tissues performing specific functions.

Organs are organised into organ systems, which work together to form organisms.

GCSE Biology Specification – This is what the topic looks like at GCSE!

Binocular microscopeA binocular microscope (also called a stereomicroscope) is a type of _ _ _ _ _ _ (optical)

microscope.

A binocular microscope has two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. It can be used to look at _ _ _ _ _ _ things.

However it has a lower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ than a monocular microscope.

Monocular MicroscopeA monocular microscope is a type of _ _ _ _ _ _ (optical) microscope.

A monocular microscope has one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. It cannot be used to look at _ _ _ _ _ _

things because the specimen (the thing you are looking at) needs to be very thin to let light

through). The monocular microscope has a higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ than a

binocular microscope.

Questions: MicroscopesQ1) Label parts A-G on the diagram

Q3) Put these instructions in the correct order to explain how to use a microscope

Biological Drawings

Make a list of the features of a good biological drawing:

Biological Drawings

Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems

All living things are made from small, microscopic building blocks called cells. There are lots of different types of cells called specialised cells.

Similar cells join together and to do the same job; this is called a _ _ _ _ _ _ e.g. muscle tissue, or glandular tissue

Tissues can join together to do the same job; this is called an _ _ _ _ _ _ ,e.g. the heart, the lungs, a leaf.

Different organs can work together to do the same job. This is called an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e.g. the circulatory system.

An _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a living thing.

Questions: Cells, Tissues, Organs & Systems

Animal Cells

Practical: Observing Cheek Cells

Questions: Animal Cells

Plant Cells

Practical: Observing Onion Cells

Questions: Plant Cells

Comparing Animal & Plant Cells

Build a Model Cell CompetitionOriginality /20

Scientific content /60

Presentation /20

Total Mark /100

Feedback:

Bacteria Cells

Fungal Cells

Specialised Cells

Not all animal cells look like blobs and not all plant cells look like boxes! Some have special features to adapt them to a function (job). If a question says “How is this cell adapted to its function” you say “It has a _________ to help it to________”

Nerve cell (neurone) Muscle cell

Red Blood Cell Egg Cell

Sperm cell Ciliated Cell

Specialised CellsXylem cell Phloem cell

Palisade Cell Root hair cell from a plant

Questions: Specialised Cells

Organs – Build a Torso ActivityOrgan Name Extension: Function

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Glue your “Build A Male Torso” activity here

Life Processes How can you decide if something is alive? All living things do the 7 life processes:

MRSGREN

Revision Questions