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Types of JointsTypes of Bones
L0ng Bones
Support weight
Serve as levers
Ex: femur, tibia, humerus
Short Bones
Cube shaped
Little motion
Ex: carpals, tarsals
Irregular Bones
Peculiar shape
Unique function
Pelvis, scapula, ossicles of ears
Flat Bones
Thinner bones that protect major organs
Ex: skull, sternum
Sesamoid Bones
Round/triangular in shape
Form within tendons to change angle of pull
Ex: patella
Ball and Socket Joint
Ball-like surface of one bone fits into a cup-like depression of neighboring bone.
Ex: hip and shoulder
Gliding Joint
One bone moves side to side over another bone
Ex: sternoclavicular joint, carpal joints
Hinge Joint
Convex surface of one bone articulates with a concave surface of another bone
Ex: knee, elbow
Pivot Joint
A round surface that connects to a ring formed by a bone or ligament
Ex: 1st cervical vertebrae with cranium
Cervical Pivot Joint
Terms – Structure of Joints
Tendon – connects muscle to bone
Ligament – connects bone to bone
Cartilage – tissue that provides cushioning to a joint
Joint – articulation of two or more bones
Synovial fluid – liquid that lubricates a joint
Ossification – process of building bone tissue
Osteoblasts – cells that build new bone tissue
Osteoclasts – cell that “clean-up” old bone tissue
Epiphyseal plate – known as the growth plate; area where new bone growth occurs
Periosteum – membrane covering of the bone
Marrow – substance within long bones that produces blood cells