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Types and Histology of Bones Ch. 6

Types and Histology of Bones

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Types and Histology of Bones. Ch. 6. 4 types of bones. Long Short Flat Irregular. Other Types of Bones. Sutural or Wormian bones – small bones located between joints of ___________ bones - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Types and Histology of Bones

Types and Histology of Bones

Ch. 6

Page 2: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of bones

• Long• Short• Flat• Irregular

Page 3: Types and Histology of Bones

Other Types of Bones

• Sutural or Wormian bones – small bones located between joints of ___________ bones

• Sesamoid bones – small bones wrapped in ______________ where pressure is great – patella (knee cap)

Page 4: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of bone

• Long bone– _________________ – Longer than they are wide– Ex: femur, humerus

Page 5: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of bone

• Short bones– As long as they are wide– Sometimes have

_____________ shape

Page 6: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of bone

• Flat bones– When bone tissue

invades and hardens fibrous membranes

– They are ___________ in shape

– Usually ____________ rather than flat

Page 7: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of bone

• Irregular– ______________ in shape– Do not fit into other categories

Page 8: Types and Histology of Bones

2 types of skeletons

• Axial – 80 bones– ______________ axis of

skeleton– 28 are skull bones– 26 vertebrae– 25 rib cage bones– 1 unattached hyoid bone

Page 9: Types and Histology of Bones

2 types of skeletons

• Appendicular skeleton– 126 ______________ bones– Includes bones of

_____________ – 64 bones in upper

extremities– 62 bones in lower

extremities

Page 10: Types and Histology of Bones

Bone Histology

• Made up of matrix of– 25% __________– 25% protein– 50% mineral salts

• 4 types of cells– Osteoprogenitor cells– Osteoblasts– Osteocytes– Osteoclasts

Page 11: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of cells

• Osteoprogenitor cells– Osteo = bone, pro = precursor, gen = to produce– Unspecialized cells – Stem cells– Undergo mitosis and develop into osteoblasts– Found in: inner periosteum, endosteum, and in

canals

Page 12: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of cells

• Osteoblasts– Cells that form bone– Lost ability to divide– Secretes collagen which helps build bones– Found on surface of bones

Page 13: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of cells

• Osteoclasts– Develop from circulating

monocytes (WBC)– Settles on surface of bone– Function is bone

resorption (destroying matrix)

– Helps development, growth, maintenance and repair of bone

Page 14: Types and Histology of Bones

4 types of cells

• Osteocytes– Mature bone cells from

osteoblasts– Principal cells of bone

tissue– Can’t divide– Maintains cellular activity

• Exchange of nutrients and waste with blood

• Calcium absorption

Page 15: Types and Histology of Bones

2 regions of bone

• Compact and spongyor cancellous tissue

Page 16: Types and Histology of Bones

Compact bone

• External layers of bone• Protection and support• Helps long bones resist stress of weight on them• Tensile strength – resistance to being stretched

apart• Haversian canals – openings for blood vessels• Volkmann’s canals – opening for blood vessels

that are perpendicular to Haversian canals

Page 17: Types and Histology of Bones

Compact bone

Page 18: Types and Histology of Bones

Spongy bone

• No true osteons• Makes up epiphysis of long bones• In hips, ribs, sternum, spine, skull and end of

bones• Sites of red bone marrow storage• Trabeculae – thin plates of lamellae

Page 19: Types and Histology of Bones

Spongy bone