Slide 1

There are many causes leading to international conflict among which are the following: The existence of international alliances and blocks companies, for power and influence. Changes in such alliances lead to misbalance in power related to states affected by those misbalances work for rebalancing power relations and alliance system in a way which may evolve in tension and conflicts.

Slide 2

Ex :Expanding NATO to include eastern and central European countries which were formally members in WARSO pact raises the fear and protests of Russia which tries on its part rebalance the power politics in the region.

Slide 3

Because interests of states contradict each other,state while seeking while promoting national interests maybe involved in conflicts due to the aggressive reactions of the state negatively affected by such trials. Ex.The recent Chinese orientation towards Africa in promoting the vital interests of china in Africa with its richfull in natural resources oil in particular.such orientation raised aggressive and negative reactions with the USA.The rivalry and conflict of the two big powers in Darfour,Chad,Kenya and other Africa regions are examples to this point.

Slide 4

It can be said that non-democratic political regimes which are more inclined to domination and control, disobedient to the international law & morality rules,constitute a very important source of international tension and conflict. Ex.the Nazi in Germany,Fascism in Italy and Militarism in Japan constituted together the principle sources of conflict which resulted in the break out of the World War Two. Ex. The dictatorial political regime of Saddam Hussien in Iraq involved it in many conflict and wars (Iraqi Iranian 1980/1988-Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in 1990 and 2 nd gulf war-foreign intervention in Iraq in 2003)

Slide 5

The armament race due to its secret and hidden nature creates an atmosphere of mutual doubt and uncertainty among the states involved in such race. it is not known weather the purposes underlying it are defensive or offensive something which constitutes a source of tension and conflict among the states concerned.

Slide 6

Ex. Armament race in the East West relation during the cold war period was underlying many conflicts and crisis in different regions of the world like the Cuban crisis in 1965-1973 war in the Middle East Ex.Armament race in Indian Pakistani relations wars in 1965,1970 Ex.Armament race in the Arab Israeli conflicts in 1948.1967,1973.wars

Slide 7

Economic deprivations suffered by some states and communities constitutes a source of international relations since such deprivation push the states suffering to try correcting all forms of disbalancing in the international relations.The same thing is said as to the increasing over population which push for competing over resources. Ex.The North-South relations which reflects the wide gap between the rich in the north and the poor in the south,such relations suffers from the passes by many crisis:Energy crisis,Debt crisis,Transfer of technology crisis, and pollution and climatic change crisis

Slide 8

Foreign intervention in the domestic affaires has recently increased under the umbrella of different purposes:Human Rights,Democracy, and Nuclear Weapons Such intervention takes many forms which are economic,military,cultural, Media and propaganda.. Ex.America and United Nations intervention in domestic affaires of so many different regions of the world (Somalia,Lebanon,Afghanistan Iraq,Sudan)

Slide 9

International conflicts may evolve in crisis which may in return result in wars and armed violence. What is the crisis? A sudden and unexpected situations and events happen in IR

Slide 10

1)the regional crisis : Limited in scope where it relates to and concerns a certain region (the Gulf Crisis 1980- 1988)

Slide 11

2)the international crisis: Wider in scope where they relate and concern different regions of the world. the mismanagement of such crisis may result in wars and armed violence. Ex 1956 Suez crisis (the tripartite aggression),2 nd Gulf Crisis in 1990-1990,11 th of September 2001,wars against Iraq, Afghanistan, and wars against terrorism. *its noted that big powers may succeed in transferring their international into their client state(The American policy after September 11 th event) resulted in the war against terrorism which resulted in the war against Afghanistan in order to up rote Taliban regime and replace it with a client one.

Slide 12

A)Regional Crisis,limited in scope where it relates to and concerns a certain region (first gulf crisis 1980-1988) B)international crisis,wider in scope where they relate to and concern different region of the world.The mismanagement of such crises may result in wars and armed violence.

Slide 13

Ex 1956 Suez crisis, the tripartite aggression.The Gulf crisis in 1990 -1991.War against Iraq Sep 11 th war against terrorism. Its noted that big powers may succeed in transferring their international crisis into their client state(the American policy after the sep 11 th events resulted in war against in war against terrorism into Afghanistan in order to up rote Taliban regime and replace it with a client one.

Slide 14

Conflicts if interests among states involved in the conflict Misestimating and mistaking in the evaluating and measuring self power and that of others Mismanagement of foreign policy,situations due to lack of long-term strategic visions regarding the emerging and standing issues and problems. .

Slide 15

Misunderstanding the actions of others due to lack of information It should be noted that there should be good management of the crisis in question so as to ensure the promotion and protection of national interests of the state Ex the mismanagement of the 2 nd Gulf crisis in 1990-1991 on the pat of Iraq resulted in the very catastrophic events from 2003 till now.

Slide 16

Failing in resolving international conflicts and managing the crisis they result in may lead to break out of wars and armed conflicts.

Slide 17

World wars: Wider in scope weather in relation to the parties involved or in relation to the weaponary used.. The world had witnessed two global wars(1914- 1918-1939-1945) The tremendous and dangerous progress in weaponary (mass destructive weapon)makes any global war, if broken out extremely destructive and catastrophic

Slide 18

Regional war (india Palestine 1965,1976 iranian, irraqi war 1980,1988) The probability of using mass destructive weapons in contemporary regional wars would in catastrophic harm and losses on both regional and international levels

Slide 19

Guerrilla war This type of wars runs between two in equivalent parties in view of power capabilities where one is more powerful than other(USA in Vietnam 1962-1979,soviet union in Afghanistan 1979-1989) its observed that nearly in all such wars the Guerria party could finally defeat the powerful one)

Slide 20

Civil war runs inside the same country between different factions the rebels and the central government. Civil wars break out due o domestic factors(political, economic)they may also break out ue to foreign support and intervention(somalias, sudan, bosnia,checchayna )

Slide 21

Things that we conclude & basic remarks on war and armed violence in international relation The existence use of armed force may result in the destruction of the values and interests aimed to be protected by such use. War for the above resources should be the last resort after using up all other alternatives.