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Psychoanalysis
Term has two meanings: Theory of personality Method of therapy
Both emphasize unconscious conflicts in mental life Typically shaped by childhood
experiences
Early Years
Born in 1856 in the small Austro-Hungarian town of Freiberg
Attended medical school at the University of Vienna No real interest in the practice of medicine Started a career in laboratory research
Left Vienna and went to study with Jean-Martin Charcot in Paris (between 1885-1886)
Studies in Hysteria (1895)
Collaborated with Joseph Breuer (1842-1925) on an investigation into hypnosis and hysteria
Freud sees hysteria as unitary disease with a single cause Searched for the “source of the Nile.”
Argued that hysterics fell ill because of repressed trauma Experience is relived under hypnosis.
Seduction hypothesis
Freud claimed that childhood sexuality was at the root of neuroses
Believed that a single traumatic event was at the heart of hysteria All were seduced during childhood
Eventually gave up the seduction theory and saw the reported events as fantasies
Unconscious
Freud believed that much of our mental life is beyond our reach
The Unconscious (1915) –mind is a space in which ideas move between consciousness and unconsciousness