CHAPTER 14 NORTH AND SOUTH

Copy Notes Save notes for Friday’s test Copy down all 20 notes on a separate

sheet of paper Copy Vocabulary. 17 Words

Introduction Read “The Story Matters” pg Give me examples of job conditions that

are unfair or horrible. What would make living conditions in a

house unpleasant? What action would you take if the job

started out good, but got bad later on? Question the boss? Rally your fellow employees? Unions

Section 1 The Industrial North

Technology was changing rapidly, but mostly in the North

Before the industrial revolution most workers made one good at a time Much slower Better quality

A three phase plan to make goods faster in the North

Section 1 Cont. Three Phases

Break the work into smaller steps A worker responsible for only one step and nothing

else Build factories to put similar workers together

Product moved from one step to the next more quickly Using machines to complete tasks

Faster and much easier to teach Workers generally tended to the machines, not the

product By 1860 the Northeast’s factories made at

least 2/3 of the country’s manufactured goods

Section 1 Cont. Transportation

From 1800-1850 crews built thousands of miles of railroads and canals Canals opened up shipping routes

Robert Fulton launched the first steamboat, Clermont Made upstream travel faster Carried more passengers and goods for cheaper

By 1860 about 3,000 Steamboats traveled the country’s major rivers and canals, as well as the great lakes

Clipper ships cut the time of traditional sailing by a large amount

Section 1 Cont. Railroads

Horses pulled early trains for short distances The 1st steam-powered train began in Britain in

1829 Americas first steam-powered train arrived in

1830 Very slow at first

By 1840 USA had 3,000 miles of railroad track By 1860 USA had 31,000 miles of railroad track

Many of these tracks connected major cities on the East and Midwest

http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=1zMOVmGu5qY

Section 1 Cont. Moving goods and people

New transportation allowed faster transportation at cheaper prices

Fast travel brought people into the newly settled Midwest Population grew quickly

Tragedy New transportation, New accidents

SS Central America sailed into a hurricane in 1857 and sunk. Hundreds of people drowned

1856 two trains crashed into each other in Pennsylvania. 60 people died. 100 were injured.

A call for higher safety standards

Section 1 Cont. Communication

The Telegraph created by Samuel Morse Helped out by the US government for a wider range By 1844 it had worked Messages called Morse Code

Mixture of short and long electrical signals(Dots and dashes) to represent the alphabet

By 18522 over 23,000 miles of telegraph lines in the US

Communication allowed in minutes Quickly learning about events from other areas Business uses

http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=L6gxfX4GrbI

Section 1 Cont. Farming innovations

Many did not want to farm out west Tougher, drier dirt that was unable to be plowed

Farming breakthroughs in the 1830s Steel tipped plow by John Deere in 1837

Break through hard soil Mechanical Reaper by Cyrus McCormick

Sped up wheat harvest, separated the grain from the stalk

Made work easier, faster, more profitable

Review What were the three phases to

industrialization? What invention did Robert Fulton come

up with? What two tragedies were associated with

new transportation? Who invented the telegraph? How was it

used? Were there inventions in the South?

Section 2 Northern Factories

Combined several steps and put it under one roof Range of goods manufactured had increased

Working conditions By 1840 the average workday was 11.4 hours

long Big machines were very unsafe

Many people suffered injuries No A/C and no heating

Very hot in the summer, very cold in the winter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3PZ-qOJp0I

Section 2 Cont. No Laws for factory safety

Owners more concerned with profits than with worker safety

Child Labor 6 days a week 12 or more hours a day Worked in factories tending machines or down in

coal mines Took many years for child labor laws to pass http://

www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=zF_U4VGl1Jk

http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=8z42MPSk9-w

Break Take out a sheet of paper Respond to the following prompt

“Imagine you are a 10 year old forced to work in a Northern Factory because your family is very poor. What is your life like? Your job requirements? How do you feel working at this age? What do the other children think?”

After responding talk with your shoulder partner and discuss each others response

Be ready to share a few

Section 2 Cont. Workers Organizing

Trade Unions founded in the 1830s Many went on strikes for higher wages and less

hours Wasn’t until 1842 that it was legal to strike

African Americans in the North By 1830 slavery had disappeared from the North Still racial prejudice and discrimination existed Most white men didn’t need land in order to vote

Keeping African Americans from voting

Section 2 Cont. African Americans in the North

Most towns didn’t allow African Americans to attend public schools, use public services, and had to attend schools and hospitals designated only to them.

Few business leaders Freedom’s Journal in 1827 Macon Allen first African American Lawyer in

1845 Most lived in poverty

Section 2 Cont. Women

Also faced discrimination in the workplace Paid HALF of what the men made Could not join trade unions Some tried to petition, but most were ignored

Population Because of the factories in the North many

major cities developed from 1820 to 1840 Cities like St. Louis, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and

Louisville helped link the Midwest and the Northeast

Section 2 Cont. Immigration

Greatest number of immigrants came from Ireland A potato famine caused starvation and food

shortages 1.5 million left for the US between 1846-1860

Second largest group came from Germany Language, customs, religions, and culture of

immigrants helped change American culture Nativists blamed the country’s problems on

immigrants Formed the “Know-Nothing” party in 1849

Wanted stricter citizenship laws

Section 3 The South and Cotton

South was almost entirely based on farming Many lived in the Upper South

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina By 1850 many moved to the Deep South

Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Texas South was thriving, but it depended on slave

labor Slavery grew even stronger in the South

during this time

Section 3 Cont. Cotton is King

Europe demanded Cotton Took a large amount of time and labor

Had to separate the seeds from the cotton fibers Cotton Gin in 1793

http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=JzHD7_dWEik

The device quickly removed seeds from the fibers Helped process 50 times more cotton each day

compared to doing it by hand Had consequences

Encouraged farmer to grow more Needed more slaves to work Slave labor increased dramatically

Section 3 Cont. Cotton Continued

Upper South grew more tobacco, wheat, and vegetables

Deep South produced mainly cotton as well as sugarcane and rice.

The Upper South became the center for the sale and transport

of slaves. Domestic Slave Trade

Section 3 Cont. Southern Industry

South Industry developed slower than the North Why?

Market for goods was small Slaves made up a large portion of the population

Had no money Discouraged anyone from starting industries

Some Southerners did not want industry Quote page 395

Section 3 Cont. Southern Factories

Some leaders wanted industry South relied too much on the North

Textile, Iron, Sawmills Uncommon for the South

Southern Transportation Relied on natural waterways (rivers, lakes,

oceans) to transport goods Very little railways and many were

unconnected North could offer cheaper, quicker products

Review Describe what the working conditions

were like for factory workers? Children? Women?

What group of people made up the largest percentage of immigrants during this time period? Why?

Who were the group of people that disliked immigrants?

Was the Cotton Gin a good or bad invention?

Section 4 Southern Society

Not every White southerner owned slaves 4 categories of white southerners

Yeomen Tenant Farmer Rural Poor Plantation owner

The little guy Most whites of the south were Yeomen Lived mostly in the Upper South Yeomen had little to no slaves

Section 4 Cont. Tenant Farmers

Rented land and worked it for the land owner Made up the majority of white Southerners Lived in simple homes

Rural Poor Most were stubborn and independent Proud of their ability to feed their families

African Americans also held slaves Bought their own family Worked in similar manners of the plantation

owners

Section 4 Cont. Plantation Owners

Had thousands of acres Measured wealth in the amount of slaves they

had Main goal was profit Had many fixed costs

Cotton wasn’t one Owners were mostly men

The wives supervised the house work Many jobs for the slave

Most were field hands Watched by an Overseer

Section 4 Cont. Slave Life

Hard work, no compensation Little to no hope for freedom Owner could sell them or family member at any

time Did the best they could, made the best out of it

The African American Family Law didn’t recognize slave marriages, still married Families helped support each other when others

were sold These large close family connections became an

important role in African American Culture

Section 4 Cont. African American Culture

In 1808 importing slaves became illegal Slavery legal but could not purchase from other

countries By 1860 most slaves had been born in country

Tried to preserve African customs Folk stories Music and Dance

Field Holler Call and Response

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3O3vEOwFuOo

Section 4 Cont. African American Religion

Many slaves followed traditional African religious practices

Some accepted Christianity Hope

Expressed their beliefs in spirituals Express Joy and Sadness

Slave Codes Existed since colonial times To prevent rebellion Teaching literacy was a crime

Less likely to rebel

Section 4 Cont. Fighting Back

Nat Turner http://

www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=9z6aC1mfmbc

In 1831 led a rebellion in Virginia and killed over 55 Whites Two months later he was found and hung

Nat Turners rebellion terrified whites Killed African Americans for no reason Passed harsher slave codes

Revolts didn’t happen often because the slaves realized they had little chance of winning

Many worked slowly or played ill Broke tools or set fires

Section 4 Cont. Es-ca-pe

Running away Escaping North was very difficult

Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglas Might receive aid from the Underground

Railroad Tubman returned to the South many times to

help slaves escape to the North Most were caught and returned

Punishment done by whipping http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1woVv982T

cc

Section 4 Cont. Southern Cities

South had several large cities Baltimore and New Orleans

Most were either sea ports or river cities Free slaves formed their own communities

Tradesmen, founded Churches Rights still severely limited

No public school in the South until 1850s Behind in Literacy

Schools had to serve a wide area Families unwilling to send children long distances

Review Who led the slave revolt in 1831? What are the 4 categories of white

southerners? What were the religious folk songs that

slaves used to sing called? Give me an example of a slave code?