» Canada

Toronto, Canada

Parliament Building Ottawa, Canada

Grizzly Bear in Banff National Park

Inuit people in Nunavut

A) The Land• Atlantic Ocean on the east coast.

• Pacific Ocean on the west coast.

• Arctic Ocean lies to the north of Canada.

• Canada has more lakes (2 million+) than the rest of the world combined.

• Canada is the 2nd largest country (size) in the world.

• Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories.

• Only 4.3% of land is arable.

B) Landforms• Canada has 6 physical regions.• 1) Appalachian Highlands- On the

southeastern coast. Rolling hills & low mountains. There are lots of forests in this region.

• 2) St. Lawrence & Great Lakes Lowlands- Form major waterways leading into central Canada. Lowlands with rich soil and vital transportation routes. U.S. and Canada built St. Lawrence Seaway to help with shipping. here. Niagara Falls is located in this region.

Niagara Falls

• 3) Canadian Shield & Arctic Islands

• More than half of Canada’s entire land area is here.

• Lots of ice and snow.

• Hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers.

• Evergreen forests where you will find deer, elk, and moose.

• Rich in mineral resources (Iron ore, Copper, Nickel, and Gold)

• What are the 3 animals you would find in the Canadian Shield’s forests?

• 4) Interior Plains-

• Great Plains in the U.S. is the same as in Canada.

• Forests and Lakes in northern part.

• Southern part has rolling prairies.

• Rich mineral resources (petroleum, natural gas)

5) Rocky Mountains-• An area called cordillera.• Known for scenic beauty and

rich mineral resources.6) Pacific Coast-• Mt. Logan is Canada’s highest

peak.• Several mountains in this

area.

C) Climate• Has a cool or cold climate because it

lies in the high latitudes.• Northern Canada has a very cold

polar climate.• The southeastern part of Canada

has a humid continental climate, and this is where most of the people live.

• 90% of the population lives within 100 miles of the U.S. border.

HOMEWORK• Canada map and Canada

vocabulary words are due on Friday!

D) Canada’s Economy• 13th best economy in the world. • Unemployment rate-7.1%• Population below poverty line- 9.4%• Exports- #11 (U.S. 75%) Imports- #10(U.S.

51%, China 11%)• Canada’s major economic activities are

manufacturing, service industries, and farming. Service Industries most imp.

• There are 3 economic regions in Canada.

1) Eastern Canada• Fishing is huge for this region.• Gov’t regulates how many fish

may be caught in tehse waters.• Most people hold jobs in

manufacturing, mining, and tourism.

• Halifax is a major shipping port city.

2) Quebec and Ontario• 25% of Canadians live in the province of

Quebec.• Montreal an important city lies on the St.

Lawrence river and is a major financial and industrial center.

• Quebec is the capital city and was founded by the French in 1608.

• Ontario is the province that has the most people and the greatest wealth.

• Toronto is Canada’s largest city.• Ottawa is the national capital of Canada.

3) Prairie Provinces and British Columbia

• Farming and ranching are major economic activities.

• Lots of wheat and they export this to Europe and Asia.

• Thick forests in this area and this help’s make Canada the world’s leading producer of newsprint.

• Vancouver is the main pacific ocean port city.

E) Canada’s People• 35 million people (#37 in world)

• Two official languages: English (59%) and French (22%)

• Main religion: Roman Catholic (41%)

• 81% of people live in an urban setting

• Life expectancy: 81.67 (#13 in world)

• Literacy rate: 99% *Age 15 and over who can read and write.

• Safe drinking water: 99.8%

F) Canada’s Government• Capital:Ottawa Gov’t: Parliamentary Democracy• Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (Since 1952);

represented by Gov. General David Johnston (10/1/10)- Carries out most of gov’t ceremonial duties. 5 year term!

• Head of Gov’t: Prime Minister- Stephen Harper (2/6/06) *Can keep getting re-elected forever or he can lose office once a different party wins the majority of seats instead.

• National Holiday: Canada Day (7/1/1867)• In 1982 Canada changed their constitution.

Canada’s History• 1000 AD- Vikings from Iceland and Greenland were

the first known Europeans to reach N.A. Some historians believe this was at Newfoundland and Labrador.

• New France (1604-1688)- Off of Canada’s east coast. This empire lasted about 150 years and established the French culture and heritage in Canada. (Fur trade was big)

• British conquest and rule (1689-1815)- French and English colonists had wars fighting over land. British won Quebec as well as other areas. Total control of all Canada in 1763 and held it as a colony for about 100 years.

Canada’s History con’t• 1867-Different colonies of Canada became

known as one nation known as Dominion of Canada

• Canada entered World War 1 to aid the U.K and its allies.

• 1931- Canada became an independent nation.

• The Inuit were among the first people to inhabit Canada. In 1999 the Canadian gov’t created a homeland (Nunavut) for Canada’s Inuit people.

G) Canada’s Flag

• Left side of flag-Red vertical Rectangle

• Middle of flag- White Square with an 11 pointed red maple leaf in center of white square

• Right side of flag-Red vertical Rectangle