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Contributes to every dimension of wellness.

Defining Psychological Health› Positively (presence of wellness)› Negatively ( absence of sickness)

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Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1960’s)

Self-Actualization› Positive definition› Ambitious outlook that encourages us to fulfill our own potential.

Hierarchy of needs› Studied very successful people (Self-actualization)

Abraham Lincoln, Henry David Thoreau, Ludwig van Beethoven, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Albert Einstein

› Realism› Acceptance

Self-concept Self-esteem

› Autonomy Inner-directed Other-directed

› Authenticity› Intimacy› Creativity

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Not the same as psychological normality.

Mentally normal simply means being close to average

Psychological diversity› Range of ideas, lifestyles and attitudes

“Mentally ill” versus “Mentally healthy”

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Growing Up Psychologically› Developing Adult identity› Developing Intimacy› Developing Values and Purpose

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Developing a Positive Self-Concept› Begins in childhood› Integration› Stability

Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem› Challenge is your self-concept

Acknowledge that something has gone wrong› Notice your patterns of thinking› Develop realistic self-talk

Being less defensive Being optimistic

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Maintaining honest communication› Assertiveness training

Dealing with loneliness Dealing with anger Managing your own anger Dealing with anger in other people

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Anxiety Disorders› Simple phobia or Specific phobia

Fear of something definite Most common and most understandable

› Social phobia 15 million Americans Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while

being observed by others› Panic disorders

Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety Rapid and strong heart beat Shortness of breath Loss of physical equilibrium Feeling of losing mental control

Agoraphobia

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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)› Reaction to future threats is to worry › Worries have taken over

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD)› Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts› Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions

Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)› Reaction to a severely traumatic event

Treatment for anxiety disorders› Medication› Psychological interventions

Cognitive-behavioral

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Depression› Demoralization

Feeling of sadness and hopelessness Loss of pleasure Poor appetite Insomnia Restlessness Thoughts of worthlessness Trouble concentrating Thoughts of death or suicide

› Dysthymic disorder Symptoms for longer than 2 years

› Suicide Warning signs Men have a higher incidence than women Treatment

Electroconvulsive therapy Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

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Expressing the ‘wish’ to be dead

Increasing social withdrawal/isolation

Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood

Previous history of attempts

Suicide by a family member or friend

Readily available means of committing suicide

History of substance abuse or eating disorders

Serious medical problems

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Mania and Bipolar Disorder› Gender differences

Equal numbers of men and women suffer, women are nearly twice as likely as men to be clinically depressed

Schizophrenia› Uncertain about what causes it› General characteristics

Disorganized thoughts Inappropriate emotions Delusions Auditory hallucinations Deteriorating social and work function

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Four Different perspectives1. Biological

pharmacological therapy1. Antidepressants2. Mood stabilizers3. Antipsychotics4. Anxiolytics and hypnotics (sleeping pills)5. Stimulants (Ritilin, ADHA)6. Anti-dementia

2. Behavioral Stimulus, response, and reinforcement Practice exposure

3. Cognitive Ideas, attitudes, behaviors and feelings

4. Psychodynamic Thoughts

Evaluation of the models Combining different therapies

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Self Help› Books› Writing a journal› Religious› Social groups

Peer counseling and support groups Professional

› Determine the need › Choosing a mental health professional

Psychiatrists Clinical psychologists Social workers Licensed Counselors Clergy Treatment Team

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