Upload
john-strickland
View
218
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
McGraw-Hill
2-1
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
2
McGraw-Hill
The Internet & the World Wide Web
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-3
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
Internet History Began with 1969’s ARPANET for US Dept. of Defense 62 computers in 1974 500 computers in 1983 28,000 computers in 1987 Early 1990s, multimedia became available on internet
To connect you need An access device (computer with modem) A means of connection (phone line, cable hookup, or
wireless) An internet access provider
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-4
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
Definition: Bandwidth is an expression of how much data – text, voice, video and so on – can be sent through a communications channel in a given amount of time.
Definition: Baseband is a slow type of connection that allows only one signal to be transmitted at a time.
Definition: Broadband is a high speed connection that allows several signals to be transmitted at once.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-5
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
Physical connection to internet—wired or wireless Telephone [dial-up] modem High-speed phone line—ISDN, DSL, T1 Cable modem Wireless—satellite and other through-the-air links
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-6
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
Data Transmission Speeds Originally measured in bits per second (bps) 8 bits are needed to send one character, such as A or a Kbps connections send a thousand bits per second Mbps connections send 1 million bits per second Gbps connections send 1 billion bits per second Uploading & Downloading
Upload—transmit data from local to remote computer Download—transmit data from remote to local computer
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-7
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
Narrowband (Dial-Up Modem) Telephone line narrowband, or low bandwidth, low speed Dial-up connection—use of telephone modem to connect
to internet Telephone Modems
Can be either internal or external Most ISPs offer local access numbers Need call waiting turned off; either manually or in
Windows
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-8
2.1 The Modem Connection
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-9
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
High-Speed Phone Lines ISDN line
Allows voice, video, & data transmission over copper phone lines Can transmit 64 to 128 Kbps
DSL line Uses regular phone lines, DSL modem Receives data at 1.5-10 Mbps; sends at 128Kbps – 1.5 Mbps Need to live within 3.3 miles of phone company switching office
T1 line—very expensive Traditional trunk line; carries 24 normal telephone circuits Transmission rate of 1.5 to 6 Mbps Cable modem TV cable system with internet connection Receives data at up to 30 Mbps; sends at 1.4 Mbps
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-10
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
How long to Download a 6-Minute Video? 28.8 Kbps telephone—4 ¾ hours ISDN line—1hour DSL line—11 minutes Cable modem—2 minutes T1 line--instantaneously
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-11
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
Satellite Wireless Connection Transmits data between satellite dish and satellite
orbiting earth Sends data at around 512 Kbps; receives at 1.5 Mbps Connection is always on Requires internet access provider with 2-way satellite
transmission
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-12
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
Other Wireless Connections: Wi-Fi & 3G Wi-Fi—stands for “wireless fidelity”
Name for a set of wireless standards (802.11) set by IEEE Transmits data wirelessly for 300 – 500 feet from access point
(hotspot) Typically used with laptops that have Wi-Fi hardware
3G—stands for “third generation” High-speed wireless that does not need access points Used in PDAs and smartphones Can deliver downloadable video clips, hi-res games
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-13
McGraw-Hill
2.1 Connecting to the Internet
Internet Access Providers—Three Types Internet Service Provider (ISP)—e.g., Earthlink
Company that links online users to its servers, which link users to the internet through another company’s network
Commercial Online Service—e.g., AOL Members-only company that provides specialized content
as well as internet access Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)—e.g.,
Cingular, Sprint Enables wireless laptop and smartphone users to access internet
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-14
McGraw-Hill
2.2 How Does the Internet Work?
The internet consists of thousands of smaller networks Central to this arrangement are Client/Server networks
Client: a computer requesting data or services Server or host computer: a central computer supplying
data or services requested of it
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-15
McGraw-Hill
2.2 How Does the Internet Work?
Internet Connection: POP, NAPs, Backbone, & Internet2 Point of Presence (POP)
A collection of modems and other equipment in a local area A local gateway to the ISP’s network ISP connects to a network access point
Network Access Point (NAP) A routing computer at a point on the internet where several
connections come together NAPs are owned by network service providers (e.g., MCI) PNAPs provide more efficient routing of data [continued]
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-16
McGraw-Hill
2.2 How Does the Internet Work?
Internet Backbone High-speed, high-capacity data transmission lines Uses the newest technology Providers include AT&T, Sprint, Verizon, GTE, Teleglobe,
and Deutsche Telekom Internet 2
Cooperative university/business research project Adds new “toll lanes” to older internet to speed things up Advances videoconferencing, research, collaboration
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-17
McGraw-Hill
2.2 How Does the Internet Work?
Handshaking & Authentication: Connecting Your Modem to ISP Handshaking—fastest transmission speed established Authentication—correct password & user name
Protocols The set of rules a computer follows to electronically transmit data. TCP/IP is the internet protocol
Developed in 1978 Used for all internet transactions
Packets Fixed-length blocks of data for transmission Data transmissions are broken up into packets
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-18
McGraw-Hill
2.2 How Does the Internet Work?
IP Addresses Every device connected to the internet has an address Each IP address uniquely identifies that device The address is four sets of numbers separated by
periods Each number is between 0 and 255 Example: 95.160.10.240 Dynamic IP addresses change with every use Static IP addresses don’t change
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-19
McGraw-Hill
2.2 How Does the Internet Work?
Who runs the internet? The board of trustees of the Internet Society (ISOC)
oversees the standards Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN) regulates domain names
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-20
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Browsers Software for web-surfing Examples: Internet Explorer, Mozilla FireFox, Apple
Macintosh’s Safari, Google’s Chrome, Microsoft’s Bing Website
The location on a particular computer that has a unique address
Example: www.barnesandnoble.com, www.mcgraw-hill.com The website could be anywhere--not necessarily at company
headquarters
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Discussion Question: What type of internet browser do you think is the best? Have you used others?
McGraw-Hill
2-21
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Web Page A document on the web that can include text, pictures,
sound, and video The first page on a website in the Home page The Home page contains links to other pages on the
website
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-22
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) A character string that points to a specific piece of
information anywhere on the web A website’s unique address It consists of
The web protocol, http The domain name of the web server The directory name or folder on that server The file within the directory, including optional extension
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-23
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
TCP/IP—Internet Protocol HTTP—Protocol Used to Access World Wide Web Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
The language used in writing and publishing web pages Set of instructions used to specify document structure,
formatting, and links to other documents on the web Hypertext links connect one web document to another
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-24
2.3 The World Wide Web Web Browsers
Your tool for using the internet Comes preinstalled on most PCs 5 basic elements
Menu bar Toolbar URL bar Workspace Status bar
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-25
2.3 The World Wide Web Home Page
The page you see when you open your web browser You can change the Home Page on your browser
Back, Forward, Home & Search Use the menu bar
icons to move from one page to another
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-26
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Navigation History Lists
A list of websites you visited since you opened up your browser for this session
Allows you to easily return to a particular site
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-27
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Navigation Bookmarks
Allows you to store the URL from a site on your computer so you can find it again in another browser session
To save the URL for a site, click on “Favorites” in Internet Explorer or “Bookmarks” Mozilla Firefox
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-28
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Navigation—Three Ways to Interact with Any Given Web Page Use mouse to click on hyperlink, which will transfer you
to that page Radio buttons: little circles located in front of various
options Search box: used for entering
text in a fill-in text box, then hitting enter
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-29
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Navigation Scroll arrows: small up/down and left/right arrows that
when clicked on, move the screen so that you can see the rest of the web page
Frame: an independently controllable section of a web page
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-30
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Web portals A gateway website that offers a broad array of resources
and services, online shopping malls, email support, community forums, stock quotes, travel info, and links to other categories
Examples: Yahoo!, Google, Bing, Lycos, and AOL Most require you to log in, so you can
Check the Home page for general information Use the subject guide to find a topic you want Use a keyword to search for a topic
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-31
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Search Services & Search Engines Organizations that maintain databases accessible through websites
to help you find information on the internet Examples: portals like Yahoo!, and Bing, plus Google, Ask.com,
Gigablast Search services maintain search engines—programs that users can
use to ask questions or use keywords to find information Databases of search engines are compiled using software programs
called spiders Spiders crawl through the World Wide Web Follow links from one page to another Index the words on that site
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-32
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Search Services & Search Engines A search by a single search engine never covers the
entire web Search engines differ in what they cover
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Discussion Question: Do you prefer one search engine for finding information? Why?
McGraw-Hill
2-33
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web 4 Web Search Tools
1. Individual Search Engines Compile their own searchable database on the web You search by typing keywords and receiving “hits” Examples are Ask, Bing, Google, and Yahoo!
2. Subject Directories Created and maintained by human editors, not electronic
spiders Allow you to search for information by selecting lists of
categories or topics Example sites are Beaucoup!, Galaxy, Google Directory,
LookSmart, Open Directory Project, and Yahoo! Directory
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-34
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
4 Web Search Tools3. Metasearch Engines
Allows you to search several search engines simultaneously
Examples are Clusty, Dogpile, Grokker, Mamma, MetaCrawler, and Webcrawler
4. Specialized Search Engines Help locate specialized subject matter, such as info on
movies, health, jobs Examples are Career.com. WebMD, Expedia
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-35
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Smart Searching: Three General Strategies If you’re just browsing . . .
Try a subject directory Next try a metasearch engine
If you’re looking for specific information . . . Try a Answers.com “one-click” search Or go to a general search engine, then a specialized one
If you’re looking for everything on a subject . . . Try the same search on several search engines
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-36
2.3 The World Wide Web Multimedia Search Tools
Still images—e.g., Google Image Search Audio—e.g., Yahoo! Audio Search Video—e.g., AllTheWeb Multiple sources, including music—e.g., A9, Rocket Music Song ID
(cellphones) Scholarly—e.g., Google Scholar
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-37
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Desktop Search Desktop search engine: a tool that extends searching
beyond the web to the contents of your computer’s hard disk
Uses technology similar to that in web search engines Offered by all of the principal search engine services as a
download
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-38
McGraw-Hill
2.3 The World Wide Web
Tagging Tags: do-it-yourself labels that people can put on
anything found on the internet, from articles to photos to videos
Can be shared easily with other people Tags are available through del.icio.us, BlinkList, Flickr
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-39
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-40
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Email Program
Enables you to send email by running email software on your computer that interacts with an email server at your internet access provider
Incoming mail is stored on the server in an electronic mailbox
Upon access, mail is sent to your software’s inbox Examples: Windows Mail (Outlook), Apple Mail
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Discussion Question: If your email is stored at the server and servers are backed up, when you delete an email is it gone for
good?
McGraw-Hill
2-41
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Web-Based Email
You send and receive messages by interacting via a browser with a website
Advantage: You can easily send and receive messages while traveling
Examples: Yahoo! Mail, Windows Live Hotmail, Gmail (Google), and AOL Mail
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-42
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Using email
1. Get an email address, following the format
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-43
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Tips for Using Email
1. Type addresses carefully, including capitalization, underscores, and periods
2. Use the reply command to avoid addressing mistakes
3. Use the address-book feature to store email addresses
4. Deal with each email only once
5. Don’t “bloat” you email
To keep email, use filters (Instant organizer
folders)© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-44
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Email Attachments
A copy of a file or document that you send attached to an email to one or more people
The recipient must have compatible software to open the attachment. If they don’t have Excel, they probably can’t read the spreadsheet you sent them. Be careful about opening attachments Many viruses hide in them Know who is sending it to you before you open it
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-45
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Instant Messaging
Any user on a given email system can send a message and have it pop up instantly on the screen of anyone logged into that system
To get IM: download IM software from a supplier Examples: AOL/AIM, Google Talk, MySpace, Facebook,
and Yahoo! Messenger The downside of IM:
Lack of privacy Lack of common standards Time wasters
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-46
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net FTP – File Transfer Protocol
A software standard for transferring files between computers, including those with different operating systems
You can transfer files from an FTP site on the internet to your PC
FTP sites offer many free files FTP sites may be either public or proprietary You can download using your web browser or FTP client
programs
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-47
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Newsgroups
A giant electronic discussion board There are thousands of free internet newsgroups Usenet is the worldwide public network of servers on the
internet www.usenet.com To participate you need a newsreader
Listserv An email-based discussion group Uses an automatic mailing-list server that sends email to
subscribers on selected topics
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-48
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Real-Time Chat (RTC) Participants have a typed discussion while online at the
same time RTC involves message board, with many contributions
(“posts”) To start, user service on your browser, such as IRC IM is one-on-one, but RTC has a list of participants
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-49
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net Netiquette – Appropriate Online Behavior Before you ask a question, consult the FAQs Avoid flaming Don’t SHOUT – use all capital letters Be careful with jokes Avoid sloppiness, but avoid criticizing other’s sloppiness Don’t send huge file attachments unless requested When replying, quote only the relevant portion Don’t “overforward”
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-50
McGraw-Hill
2.4 Email & Other Ways of Communicating over the
Net
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-51
McGraw-Hill
2.5 Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce,
& the Social Web Internet Telephony
Uses the internet to make phone calls Long-distance calls are either very inexpensive or free
With no PC, dial a special phone number to packetize your call
With a PC that has a sound card, microphone, Internet connection, and internet telephone software such as Microsoft NetMeeting and Windows Messenger
Sound quality is no longer an issue Also allows videoconferencing
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-52
McGraw-Hill
2.5 Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce,
& the Social Web Multimedia on the Web
Allows you to get images, sound, video, and animation May require a plug-in, player, or viewer
A program that adds a specific feature to a browser so it can view certain files
Example: Adobe Acrobat Reader, RealPlayer, QuickTime Multimedia Applets
Small programs that can be quickly downloaded and run by most browsers
Java is the most common Applet language Microsoft’s Visual Studio.NET competes with Java Text & Images: great variety available Example: Google Earth
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-53
McGraw-Hill
2.5 Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce,
& the Social Web Multimedia on the Web (continued)
Animation The rapid sequencing of still images to create the
appearance of motion Used in video games and web images that seem to move
Video Streaming video transfers data in a continuous flow so you
can begin viewing a file before it is all sent Example is RealPlayer
Audio may be transmitted either: Downloaded completely before the file can be played, or Downloaded as streaming audio
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-54
McGraw-Hill
2.5 Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce,
& the Social Web Push Technology & Webcasting
Push technology, software that automatically downloads information to personal computers
Webcasting is sending of customized text, video, audio on regular basis
Blogging—RSS, XML, & the Rise of the Blogosphere RSS newsreaders: programs that scour the web and pull
together in one place “feeds” from several websites Based on XML (extensible markup language): a web-document
tagging and formatting language XML and RSS have led to blogs and bologosphere Blog: short for web log, a diary-style web page Have become popular, both privately and in politics
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-55
McGraw-Hill
2.5 Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce,
& the Social Web Podcasting
Recording internet radio or similar internet audio programs
E-Commerce: conducting business activities online B2B commerce is business-to-business e-commerce Online finance now involves online banking, stock trading
online, and e-money such as PayPal Online auctions link buyers with sellers Online job hunting match job hunters with an employer
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Discussion Question: Have you every sold anything on eBay? Used PayPal?
McGraw-Hill
2-56
McGraw-Hill
2.5 Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce,
& the Social Web Matchmaking websites
Also called “dating” websites, are online forums that people may join in hopes of meeting compatible potential mates
Examples: AmericanSingles, eHarmony, Match.com
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-57
McGraw-Hill
2.5 Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce,
& the Social Web Web 2.0 & the social web
Web 2.0: the move toward a more social, collaborative, interactive, and responsive web
MySpace, Facebook, & other social-networking sites Social networking website: an online community that allows
members to: Keep track of friends Share photos, videos, music, stories, and ideas
YouTube, Flicker, and other media-sharing sites Media-sharing website: type of online social network in
which members share media such as photos, videos, and music
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-58
McGraw-Hill
2.5 Telephony, Multimedia, Webcasting, Blogs, E-Commerce,
& the Social Web Friendfeed, Spokeo, & other social-network
aggregators Social-network aggregators: collect content from all of a user’s
various social network profiles into one place, then allow him or her to track friends and share other social network activities
Twitter & Tumbler social networking & microblogging services “Thoughtcasting” or “microblogging”: sending a text message
from your mobile phone to friends’ web/IM or their phones Tumbler allows the use of multiple media
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-59
McGraw-Hill
2.6 Snooping, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware
Not everyone on the internet is honest We consider some ways that others can be intrusive Snooping
Email is not private Corporate management has the right to view employees’
email Friends can send email anywhere Not all ISPs protect their customers’ privacy
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-60
McGraw-Hill
2.6 Snooping, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware
Spam: Electronic Junk Mail Unsolicited email that takes up your time Delete it without opening the message Never reply to a spam message When you sign up for something, don’t give your email
address Use spam filters Fight back by reporting new spammers to www.abuse.net
or www.spamhaus.org or www.rahul.net/falk
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-61
McGraw-Hill
2.6 Snooping, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware Spoofing
Using fake email sender names so the message appears to be from a different source, so you will trust it.
If you don’t know the sender, don’t open it. Phishing
Sending forged email directing recipient to fake website Purpose: to entice people to share personal or financial
data Fake website looks like real website—e.g., Citibank’s
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-62
McGraw-Hill
2.6 Snooping, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware
Pharming Thieves implant malicious software on your PC. Redirects you to an imposter web page even when you
type the correct URL To foil it, type the URL with https for “http secure”)—e.g.,
https://www.microsoft.com. Use this one with https, not
http://www.microsoft.com. Since it has only http, it could be spoofed.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Discussion Question: Have you ever been a victim of any of these attacks? If yes, what did you do?
McGraw-Hill
2-63
McGraw-Hill
2.6 Snooping, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware
Cookies Little text files left on your hard disk by some websites
you visit Can include your log-in name, password, and browser
preferences Can make visiting these websites next time more
convenient and faster But cookies can be used to gather information about you
and your browsing habits
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-64
McGraw-Hill
2.6 Snooping, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware
Spyware Software surreptitiously installed on your computer via
the web Spyware hides on your PC and captures information
about what is on the PC, such as keystrokes, passwords
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-65
McGraw-Hill
2.6 Snooping, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware
Common Forms of Spyware Adware—tracks your web surfing, sends you unsolicited
pop-up ads Browser hijackers—change your browser settings,
replace your Home page Search hijackers—intercept legitimate search requests,
send you to phony websites Key loggers—record all your keystrokes, send them
elsewhere
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
2-66
McGraw-Hill
2.6 Snooping, Spoofing, Phishing, Pharming, Cookies, & Spyware
Spyware [continued] To prevent spyware, install and use antispyware software
at all times Be careful about free and illegal downloads, since they
are a source of spyware Don’t say “I agree” when you are downloading something
—read the fine print Beware of unsolicited downloads
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.