Sonobuoy Solutions“PBP Sonar Buoy”

Group 7

Johan Arias, Joshua Benedictos, Remle Deinla, Kevin Fliflet, Benjamin Liu, Jin Oh

Background6

Problem6: - Anti-submarine warfare

- Underwater acoustic research

- Development of precision airdrop systems

Joshua Benedictos

Past Solutions1: - Low altitude drops

- Aerial Decelerator Systems

• Parachutes

• Rotochutes

• Guidance

BackgroundLow Altitude Drops2

Pros:

o Minimized drift = minimized placement error Cons:

o Complex aircraft operation

o Higher fuel cost

o Surface-to-air attack risk

Joshua Benedictos

High Altitude Drops2

Pros:

o Smoother aircraft operation

o Reduced fuel cost

o Surface-to-air attack safety = tactical advantage

Cons:

o Wind and placement errors

Vehicle ConfigurationVersatile design with ease of

manufacturing and mission completion in mind.

• Constrained to cost under $100/unit.

● Rotor configuration and parachute used for primary and secondary deceleration.

● Inflatable bladder to increase buoyancy.

● US NAVY MK-1 float coat mechanism used to release bladder.

Johan Arias

Starting Envelope

Parachute Automated Activation Mechanism

Deployed Blades

Deployed Bladder and Blades

Vehicle ConfigurationUnique design features that will support the

readiness supportability of the mission

• Hinge will automatically establish a desired angle of attack.

• Interchangeable blades to accommodate variable weather weather and/or wind profiles.

• Flushed configuration that could be potentially used by many launch systems.

Johan Arias

Interchangeable rotor blades

Hinge designed to create a desired angle of attack

Solenoid release system Flushed configuration to be used

with multiple launching mechanisms.

Concept of OperationDesign Goals:

• Constraints o Impact Velocity vs Impact

Accuracyo Impact Velocity vs Descent

Time o Costs vs Robustness and

Environmental Impact o Mitigating GPS vs Robustness

of Design

• Robustnesso Interchangeable Bladeso Capable of Variable

Deployment AltitudesKevin Fliflet

Concept of Operation• Two stage rotocopter

o Damped Hingeo NACA 4609 9% Airfoilo Released via Solenoid

• Parachute Chambero Spring Loadedo Rotating Eye Hooko Seals after deployment

• Pitot Tube Data Acquisition

o Determines Deployment Path

Kevin Fliflet

NACA 4609 9%Damped Hinge

Locking Solenoid

Pitot Tube

Flight Profile

Jin Oh

Jin Oh

Flight Profile

Assumptions: +15% variation to wind profile (speed & direction)Normal distribution to wind profileResults: +100 m within target drop zone, 100% of the timeAccuracy of landing zone changes depending on deploy altitude, but no significant changes to precision

Societal and Global Impact:Major Costs and Weight Analysis

Benjamin Liu

Component Cost ($)

Weight (lb)

Parachute5 37.5 1

Microcontroller1

5

15 0

Flotation device10

1.5 1

Rotor blades13 20 1

Solenoids4 25 1

Pitot Tube16 15 0

Misc 15 5

TOTAL 129 9

Total Unit Cost:$ 129Assumed savings on mass production (~9000 units) 15%~$19

Estimated Cost/unit:~$ 110

Societal and Global Impact- Governmental, Social,

Research Advantages11

- Humanitarian Aid

- Increased volume as major drivers are streamlined

- Reusability and Possible Biodegradability12 Benjamin Liu

Risk and Regulatory Assessment

Remle Deinla

Uncontrolled DescentTotal System Failure: accuracy decreases, however it still sits within a 300 m box. Upon impact velocity would be 545 m/s and system would not survive, however the likelihood is low

Multitude of fail-safe systems:- Release systems depend on timer and velocity check- Factor of Safety of 1.2 for landing velocity- Rotor hinge factor of safety 1.3

Mission Flow Chart

Risk and Regulatory Assessment

Remle Deinla

Aeronautics and Space§91.15 Dropping objects8

Protection of the Environment

§227.4 Criteria for evaluating environmental impact9

§227.5 Prohibited materials9

Conclusion: Since the unit was designed to be dropped into the ocean (not over a populated area), it’s not made of hazardous materials and will not harm people, or the marine environment, it is safe. However, should it remain floating, it needs not interfere with fishing, navigation or other ocean uses.

References1. Naval Postgraduate School. Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Center. U.S. Navy, 20 Sept. 2011. Web. 07 Mar. 2014.

<http://nps.edu/Academics/Centers/ADSC/>.

2. United States. Naval Air Systems Command. Department of the Navy. High Altitude Launch of ASW Sonobuoys. By Roger Hoiler. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2014. <http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a106692.pdf>.

3. SeaLand Aire Technologies, Inc. SEALANDAIRE TECHNOLOGIES INC, 2013. Web. 09 Mar. 2014. <www.sealandaire.com>.

4. Ali Express: Smarter Shopping, Better Living. N.p., 2014. Web. 09 Mar. 2014. <http://www.aliexpress.com/>.

5. "SkyAngle Parachute." B2 Rocketry Company. N.p., 2003. Web. 26 Feb. 2014. <http://www.b2rocketry.com/>.

6. Anderson, Mark. "Air Vehicle Design Project, Air Vehicle SImulation." MAE 155Aero. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <https://sites.google.com/site/mae155aero/>.

7. Howard, Austin, and Donald Elger. "Rotary Wing Decelerators for Miniature Atmospheric Entry Probes." N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. <http://enu.kz/repository/2009/AIAA-2009-2996.pdf>.

8. "Part 91- General Operating and Flight Rules." Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. N.p., 03 Mar. 2014. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. <http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp&SID=069887a24b6c23dd0133e8ca5de91277&n=14y2.0.1.3.10&r=PART&ty=HTML#14:2.0.1.3.10.1.4.8>.9. "Part 227- Criteria for the Evaluation of Permit Applications for Ocean Dumping of Materials."Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. N.p., 10 Mar. 2014. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. <"Part 91- General Operating and Flight Rules." Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. N.p., 03 Mar. 2014. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. .>.

10. Rubber Inner Tube. Advertisement. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. <http://www.globalsources.com/manufacturers/Rubber-Inner-Tube.html>.

11. "Biodegradable Sonobuoy Decelerators (WP-201222)." N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.

12. "Studying Military Expended Materials in the Marine Environment." Weblog post. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.

14. "Radio Control Planes, Helicopters, Cars, Boats, FPV and Quadcopters - Hobbyking ."HobbyKing Store. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.

15. "How to Make Your Own Arduino Board." Instructables.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar.

16. "AliExpress.com - Online Shopping for Electronics, Fashion, Home & Garden, Toys & Sports, Automobiles from China." Aliexpress. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.