PART 1: Germany, Italia, France, Spain and Belgium

17.3.2015

Yukyeong Kim

Summary of European country’s PV applicationsBased on the IEA-PVPS-Annual Report

For FinSolar ProjectAalto University School of Business

GERMANYSummary ofNational survey report of PV power applications in GERMANY 2013

2

Installed capacity of renewables

The end of year (MW) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Hydro 5 340 5 407 5 625 5 607 5 613

Onshore wind 25 632 27 012 28 857 30 996 33 757

Offshore wind 60 168 203 308 903

PV 10 566 17 554 25 039 32 643 35 948

Biomass 5 995 6 599 7 148 7 537 8 086

Geothermal 7 7 7 12 31

Total 47 601 56 748 66 880 77 103 84 338

Germany 3

Generated electricity from renewables

During the year(GWh)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Hydro 19 031 20 953 17 671 21 755 21 220

Onshore wind 38 610 37 619 48 315 49 948 52 430

Offshore wind 38 174 568 722 970

PV 6 583 11 729 19 599 26 380 30 000

Biomass 30 578 34 307 37 603 44 633 47 900

Geothermal 18 27 18 25 40

Total 94 859 104 810 123 775 143 463 152 560

Renewable share in electricity demand(=consumption)

16,3 % 17,0 % 20,4% 23,6% 25,4%

Germany 4

Evolution of PV deployments

MW 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Annully 4 446 6 988 7 485 7 604 3 305 2 288

Accumulated 6 120 10 566 17 554 25 039 32 643 35 948 38 236

0

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40,000

v2009 v2010 v2011 v2012 v2013 v2014

accumulated

annually

In the end of 2014, 38,5 GWp and over 1,4 million PV power plants in Germanyhttp://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/

Germany 5

MW

Support measures

Programs On going measure

Feed-in Tariffs By Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) Lifetime 20 yearsFIT terminates at a total installed PV capacity of 52 GWp.

From 2013 monthlyreduction of FIT

Capital subsidies for equipment or total cost

In some states

Green electricity schemes Some utilities offer green electricity

Investment fund for PV On commercial basis by banks or investment funds dedicated to renewable energies, particularly large solar power plants

Commercial bank activities (green mortgages promoting PV)

yes

Sustainable buildingrequirements

by law for new buildings, there are provisions for energy efficiency

Germany 6

Feed-in Tariffs table for PV

Wholesale electricity price past one month (EPEX spot market data)

20-60 €/MWh (2-6 €-ct/kWh)

http://www.epexspot.com/en/market-data/dayaheadauction/chart/auction-chart/2015-02-24/DE/30d/30d

Retail prices in Germany (Key World Energy Statistics 2014)

For household 387,63 USD/MWh 34,2 €-ct/kWh

For industy 169,32 USD/MWh 14,9 €-ct/kWh

1 USD = 0.882480 EURhttp://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/key-world-energy-statistics-2014.html

Roof mounted€-ct/kWh

2009 2010 2011 2012Monthly

degressionJan 2013 Jan 2014

< 10 kW 43,01 39,14 28,74 24,43 < 10 kW 17,02 13,68

< 100 kW 40,91 37,23 27,33 23,23 < 40 kW 16,14 12,98

< 1 MW 39,58 35,23 25,86 21,98 < 1 MW 14,40 11,58

> 1 MW 33,00 29,37 21,56 18,33 1- 10 MW 11,78 9,47

In March 2015 plants receive between 8,65 and 12,50 €-ct/kWh depends on size and type.

Germany 7

ITALIASummary ofNational survey report of PV power applications in ITALIA 2013

8

Installed capacityMW

Generated electricityGWh

Period v2012 v2013 v2012 v2013

PV generators 16 450 18 070 18 631 21 600

Renewables generators(incl. hydro)

47 050 49 500

All technology 125 000 126 400 *299,3 TWh *288,4 TWh

Total electricity demand(=consumption)

328 220 317 144

*BP statistical review of world energyAverage PV yield: North 1-1,2 GWh/MWp, South 1,3-1,5 GWh/MWp

Total capacity of PV &Generation of electricity from PV

Italia 9

MW 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Annully 723 2 321 9 301 3 647 1 620

Cumulative 458 1 181 3 502 12 803 16 450 18 070

Evolution of PV deployments

0

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8000

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v2008 v2009 v2010 v2011 v2012 v2013

Cumulative

Annully

Italia 10

MW

Support measures

Programs On going measure

Conto EnergiaFeed-in Schemes2005-2013

Since 2005, stimulation of the Italian PV market. The Program officially concluded in June 2013, when the annualbudget limit for incentive tariffs of 6 700 M€ has been reached.

Capital subsidies for equipment

Green electricity schemes 2 - 9 €-ct/kWh

Income tax credits2013 March

Deductions of 50% to the installation of PV plants up to 20 kW for residential applications and for energy self-consumption (limit 96 000€ for each installation)

Self consumptionincentives

Up to 200 kW plant size

Incentives to PV for the year 2013 amounted to 6,7 billion€

Italia 11

Conta Energia

• The feed-in scheme is the programme which grants incentives for electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) plants connected to the grid.

• Italy introduced this support scheme in 2005 (28 July 2005, First feed-in scheme).

• PV plants with a minimum capacity of 1 kW and connected to the grid may benefit from a feed-in tariff, which is based on the electricity produced. The tariff differs depending on the capacity and type of plant and is granted over a period of 20 years.

• The scheme provides a tariff for the electricity produced. The electricity fed into the grid may be purchased by GSE (ritiro dedicato) or economically offset with the value of electricity withdrawn from the grid (net metering - scambio sul posto) service.

• Starting from the first half of 2013 and on, the tariff will be made up of both the incentives and the value of electricity. A specific tariff will be applied to the self-consumed electricity.

http://www.gse.it/en/feedintariff/Pages/default.aspx

Italia 12

Tariffs for Building mounted PV

Conto Energia(5 Schemes)

1° Scheme28/07/2005 -

06/02/2006

2° Scheme19/2/2007-

3° Scheme6/8/2010 -

4° Scheme5/5/2011 -

5° Scheme5/7/2012 -

Unit €/kWh €/kWh €/kWh €/kWh €/kWh

Period for tariffs 2006-2008 2009 1-4.2011 June 20112nd

semester2013

1 kW ≤ P ≤ 3 kW 0,49 0,480 0,402 0.387 0,182

3 kW < P ≤ 20 kW 0,46 0,451 0,377 0.356 0,171

20 kW < P ≤ 200 kW 0,44 0,431 0,358 0,338 0,157

200 kW < P ≤ 1 MW 0,355 0,325 0,130

1 MW < P ≤ 5 MW 0,351 0,314 0,118

P > 5 MW 0,333 0,299 0,112

Annually 2% degression

Annually 6%every 4 month

Monthlyadjustment

http://www.gse.it/en/feedintariff/Pages/default.aspx

Italia 13

PV deployment statistics under Conto Energia

Scale of plant Number Capacity (MW)

1 kW ≤ P ≤ 3 kW 176 604 489,7

3 kW < P ≤ 20 kW 313 126 2 425,1

20 kW < P ≤ 200 kW 48 791 3 813,1

200 kW < P ≤ 1 MW 11 127 7 281,4

1 MW < P ≤ 5 MW 967 2 194,8

P > 5 MW 170 1 527,6

Total 550 785 17 731,7

http://www.gse.it/it/Conto%20Energia/GSE_Documenti/Fotovoltaico/05%20Risultati%20incentivazione/TOTALE_DEI_RISULTATI_DEL_CONTO_ENERGIA.pdf

Italia 14

Annual input and output under Conto Energia

0

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v2006 v2007 v2008 v2009 v2010 v2011 v2012 v2013

Ge

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n€

Incentive (M€)

Generation (GWh)

http://www.gse.it/it/Conto%20Energia/GSE_Documenti/Fotovoltaico/05%20Risultati%20incentivazione/TOTALE_DEI_RISULTATI_DEL_CONTO_ENERGIA.pdf

Italia 15

Wholesale and retail electricity prices

Wholesale electricity (10/06/2014)

Range from 38.04 €/MWh in southern Italy to 63.92 €/MWh in Sicily

http://www.agi.it/flash-news/articles/201406101224-ene-ren1031-italy_s_weekly_wholesale_electricity_prices_fall

Retail prices in Italia in 2013 (incl VAT)

For household 16 - 20 €-ct/kWh

For commercial 16 - 18 €-ct/kWh

For industry 13 - 15 €-ct/kWh

Italia 16

FRANCESummary ofNational survey report of PV power applications in FRANCE 2013

17

Capacity of PV and Electricity generation from PV in 2014

Technology Capacity(MW)

% oftotal capacity

Generation(TWh)

% of totalgeneration

PV 5 292 4,1 % 5,9 1,1 %

Wind 9 120 7,2 % 17,0 3,1 %

Hydro 25 411 19,7 % 68,2 12,6 %

Nuclear 63 130 48,9 % 415,9 77,0 %

Total 128 943 100 % 540,6 100 %

Annual gross comsumption in 2014: 465,3 TWh

Bilan électrique 2014 (Jan 2015), in metropolitan Francehttp://www.rte-france.com/sites/default/files/bilan_electrique_2014.pdfAverage annual yield in continental France: 1,1 GWh/MW (South 1,3; North 0,9)

France 18

PV deployments statistics in 2014

Scale of plantTotally the end of 2014 Annually during 2014

Number Capacity (MW) Number Capacity (MW)

p ≤ 3 kW 274 358 735 10 658 31

3 < p ≤ 9 kW 40 774 249 12 449 82

9 < p ≤ 36 kW 15 823 392 834 24

36 < p ≤ 100 kW 8 962 696 1 828 156

100 < p ≤ 250 kW 5 258 917 238 47

> 250 kW 1 058 2 642 112 587

Total 346 233 5 631 26 119 927

Tableau de bord éolien-photovoltaïque au quatrième trimestre 2014 (Feb 2015)http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/energie-climat/s/energies-renouvelables.htmlIn metropolitan and overseas, preliminary results may be revised following quarters

France 19

Evolution of PV deployments(grid-connected only)

MW 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Annually 9,4 36,6 104 185 835 1 770 1 115 643 927

Cumulative 15,4 52 156 341 1 176 2 946 4 061 4 704 5 631

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v2007 v2008 v2009 v2010 v2011 v2012 v2013 v2014

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France 20

MW

Government action plans

Programs

Feed-in Tariffs2006-

Feed-in tariffs aim to promote building integrated photovoltaic systems. The tariffs are revised each quarter and guaranteed for a period of 20 years. Tariff bonus of either 5 % or 10 % was applied if the photovoltaic modules installed were manufactured in the European Economic Area valid until March 2014.

Tax credit Until the end of 2013 the private owners of PV systems up to 3 kW have benefited from a tax credit deductible from their income tax. The tax credit covering 11 % of the material cost was capped at 1 056€. The measure ended on 31 December and VAT went up from 7 % to 10 % as of 1 January 2014.

Calls for tenders2011-

Photovoltaic grid-connected installations with power over 100 kW were launched as early as 2011.Divided into two categories, for 100 kW-250 kW systems and for systems over250 kW.

France 21

Feed-in Tariffs

• EDF OA (EDF Agence obligation d’achat) and local distribution companies (ELD) are required to purchase PV electricity.

• Funded by the Contribution to Electricity Public Services, a fee paid by electricity consumers.

• Tariffs adjustable each quarter for rooftop installations capacity up to 100 kW.

• The quarterly degression is based on the number of grid-connection requests registered during the previous quarter.

• Feed-in tariffs are applied to either total or partial sale of electricity.

• Feed-in tariffs are guaranteed for a period of 20 years as set by contract. Once fixed, feed-in tariffs are no longer affected by the quarterly degression.

• In early 2013, the Minister for Ecology introduced new measures in order to boost French PV activity. A volume of 800 MW a year was targeted until 2017 and equally split into two market segments: the first segment is FIT and secondsegment is Call for tenders.

• The first segment(FIT) is divided into building-integrated systems (IAB) up to 9 kW and simplified integration installations (ISB) between 9 kW and 100 kW.

France 22

Tariffs table for PV

Tariffs category Scale of plant Q1 2013 (€-ct/kWh)

Q4 2013 (€-ct/kWh)

Q1 2014 (€-ct/kWh)

Q3 2014 (€-ct/kWh)

Building-integrated systems (IAB)

P ≤ 9 kW 31,59 29,10 28,91 27,38

Simplifiedintegrationinstallations (ISB)

P ≤ 36 kW 36 < P ≤ 100 kW

18,17 17,27

14,54 13,81

14,5413,81

13,9513,25

Other type, Grounded mounted

P < 12 MW 8,18 7,55 7,36 6,98

!Tariffs increased by 5 % or 10 % for modules manufactured in the European Economic Area. Validity until 10 March 2014.Consulter les tarifs d'obligation d'achat photovoltaïque, TableauTarifsPV2014.pdfhttp://www.cre.fr/documents/deliberations/communication/coefficients-s11-et-v11

Retail electricity prices in France in 2013

For household 14,71 €-ct/kWh

For industry 7,71 €-ct/kWh

France 23

Calls for tenders

• The CRE (Commission de régulation de l'énergie), in charge of regulating the electricity and gas markets, manages the national calls for tenders.

• Calls for tender are used for larger projects that are needed to meet targets. Successful bidders are guaranteed a long-term Power Purchase Agreement with energy suppliers, and as with FITs, the difference between long-term price and market price is recovered through the CSPE (Contribution au Service Public de l'Electricité) paid by consumers.

• As part of the bidding, the candidates are offering a "purchase price" in €-ct/kWh.

• So-called ‘simplified’ calls for tenders concern the construction and operation of photovoltaic installations between 100 kW and 250 kW.

• So-called ‘ordinary’ calls for tenders concern the construction and operation of photovoltaic installations over 250 kW.

• The third tender for over 250 KW is in progress, covers a total capacity of 400 MW divided into 3 main categories: Building facility(150 MW) and Ground-mounted (200 MW) and Car Parking area (50 MW).

http://www.photovoltaique.info/Procedures-d-appels-d-offres.html

France 24

Results of Calls for Tenders

Category Period Target Capacity (MW)

ResultsCapacity (MW)

Average price(€-ct/kWh)

Simplified calls:100 - 250 kW

First callJuly 2011

240 145 22,9-19,4

Second callMarch 2013

120 121,7 16,22

Ordinary calls: > 250 kW

First callSeptember 2011

450 520 21,34

Second callMarch 2013

400 380 14,2

Third callNovember 2014In progress

400 ? ?

http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Installations-moyennes-100-250-kWc.htmlhttp://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Grandes-Installations-250-kWc.html

France 25

SPAINSummary ofNational survey report of PV power applications in SPAIN 2013

26

PV capacity and generation from PV

V2013

Technology

Power capacity Generated electricity

MW% of totalcapacity

GWh% of total

generation

Solar photovoltaic 4 681 4,3 % 8 397 3,1 %

Concentrated solar power(CSP)

2 300 2,1 % 4 554 1,7 %

Wind 22 900 21,2 % 54 301 19,8 %

Hydro ( <50 MW) 2 058 1,9 % 7 098 2,6 %

*All renewables 50 766 110 949

Total (All technologies) 108 148 100 % 273 598 100 %

Electricity demand(=comsumption)

260 870

http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/avance_informe_sistema_electrico_2013.pdf*http://informeestadistico.idae.es/t4.htmAverage yield of solar power in Spain - PV: 1,8 and CSP: 2,0 GWh/MW

Spain 27

Evolution of PV deployments

MW 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Annually 86 544 2 707 21 369 427 179 287

Cumulative 147 691 3 398 3 419 3 788 4 215 4 395 4 681

PVPS ANNUAL REPORT 2013, http://iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=6

0

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3000

4000

5000

v2006 v2007 v2008 v2009 v2010 v2011 v2012 v2013

Cumulative

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Spain 28

MW

Evolution of CSP deployments

MW 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Annually 221 450 417 851 250

Cumulative 282 732 1149 2000 2250

http://informeestadistico.idae.es/t10.htm

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v2009 v2010 v2011 v2012 v2013

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Spain 29

MW

Feed-in Tariffs (Régimen Especial)

• Spain’s FIT policy began with the Electricity Sector Law, introduced in 1997 (Law 54/1997). This set up the Special Scheme (Régimen Especial) to provide Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources with special treatment compared to conventional electricity generation.

• Royal Decree 661/2007 entered into force in June 2007 and had a significant impact on Spain’s solar PV sector. Category from 100 kW to 10 MW increased its remuneration in order to foster greater investment in larger facilities.

– The revision of FIT rates was scheduled for once every four years

– Mandatory guarantees

• A sudden massive spike in PV deployment in 2008 and following reduction in support, led to subsequent plummeting of installations to zero the following year.

• The costs of this crisis were large: by 2009, solar PV received close to half of all support for renewable electricity in Spain, despite providing only 10 % of its renewable electricity and only 2.45 % of total electricity generation. The total annual cost of subsidizing solar PV was 2.6 billion per year.

• The government enacted a series of regulations from 2008 to progressively slow deployment and reduce costs, culminating in a complete moratorium on support for new solar PV systems in 2012.

A Cautionary Tale: Spain’s solar PV investment bubble, www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/rens_ct_spain.pdf

Spain 30

Tariffs table for PV

Scale of plantTariff (€-ct/kWh)

Q4 1998RD2818/1998

Q1 2004RD436/2004

Q2 2007 RD661/2007

Q3 2008*RD1578/2008

Q1 2011 **RD1565/2010

< 5 kW> 5 kW

39,621,6

39,621,6

< 100 kW > 100 kW to 10 MW> 10 to 50 MW

41,4421,6221,62

44,0441,7522,98

44,0441,7522,98

Roof < 20kWRoof 20 kW to 2MWGround < 10 MW

343232

31,3527,8925,17

*Annual capacity quotas , reducing lifetime to 25y for new plants, reducing FIT rates.**Capping running hours eligible for FIT payments, reducing the lifetime to 25y for all existing plants, further reducing FIT rates quarterly.

Retail electricity prices (range) in 2013

For household 17,52 €-ct/kWh

For commercial 17,52 €-ct/kWh

For industry 11,65 €-ct/kWh

Spain 31

No subsidy, no feed-in tariff

Unsubsidized solar power gives it a go in Spain• The plant, developed by independent renewable company Enerpro, is located in

the Southern Spain province of Seville. Step by step, the company is building the solar arrays, that follow the sun's move from east to west every day. The first megawatt is already plugged in, and the company is working to complete the 2.5 MW of the plant at their 6 hectare field. They plan to connect 12 MW in different plants this year, and to start with plants 300 MW in size next year. All at pool prices, because the total cost of their electricity, including investment and O&M, makes it the cheapest in the pool, Enerpro says.

• Enerpro is the first, but not the only one. Last year the Spanish electricity transmission system operator (Red Electrica de España), had received close to 200 applications for more than 40,000 MW of PV plants to connect to the Spanish grids. All those plants are waiting for procedural green light to access the grid, while their investors are valuing the fact that electricity from new PV plants can now compete in the market without any support system to make the investment profitable.

http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/newsdesk/energy/analysis/subsidy-free-solar-takes-spain#comments, Feb 2014

Spain 32

BELGIUMSummary ofNational survey report of PV power applications in BELGIUM 2013

33

Belgium 34

Installed capacityMW

Generated electricityTWh

Period v2013 v2012 v2013 v2012

PV generators 3 008 2 772 2,61 2,21

Renewables generators(incl. hydro)

5 227 4 375

All technology 20 072 19 662 *85,1 *83

Total electricity demand(=consumption)

80,7 81

*BP statistical review of world energy

Average PV yield: 900-950 MWh/MW

Total capacity of PV &Generation of electricity from PV

Evolution of PV deployments

MW 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Annully 84,66 540,58 418,27 1 020,62 684,59 235,97

Accumulated 23,71 108,37 648,95 1 067,22 2 087,84 2 772,43 3 008,4

Belgium 35

0

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v2007 v2008 v2009 v2010 v2011 v2012 v2013

Cumulative

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MW

Support measures

Programs On going measure

Capital subsidies for equipment or total cost

In Brussels only for passive and low-energy houses

PV-specificGreen electricity schemes

Green certificates support Reviewed in 2013

Income tax credits Not for private installations Reviewed in 2013

Commercial bank activities

Some banks have established specific energy loans

Prosumers’ incentives(self-consumption, net-metering..)

Self-consumption and net-metering.

The electricity that is not self-consumed and injected into the grid benefits from a net-metering system on an annual basis. All PV installations whose capacity is smaller than 10 kVA (max AC power) eligible. In Brussels, the limit is fixed at 5 kVA.

This has never changed since 2007

Belguim 36

Green Certificate (GC)

Federal support• In its capacity of transmission system operator, Elia is required to buy back green certificates

from generators of renewable energy in Belgium. Offshore wind farms, photovoltaic facilities commissioned before 1 August 2012 and facilities that use water or tidal energy to generate electricity are entitled to receive this support.

• This federal support mechanism is valid for 10 years after the facility is commissioned, and green certificates are issued by – CREG (Commission for Electricity and Gas Regulation)– VREG (Flemish Electricity and Gas Regulatory Body)– CWaPE (Wallonia Energy Commission) – BRUGEL (Brussels Energy Regulatory Body)

In Flanders• Since 1. January 2002 a green certificate system has been in effect in Flanders and aims to

support and promote power generation based on renewable energy sources.• This is a two-pronged system. On the one hand producers of electricity from renewable

energy sources receive green certificates. On the other hand there is a certificate obligation for power suppliers. They must submit a specific number of green certificates (quota obligation) in order to avoid a fine.

• Installations from 1. January 2013, certificate entitled green power plants is the minimum support of 93 €/GC regardless of the technology used.

http://www.vreg.be/nl/uitbetaling-certificaten-door-uw-netbeheerder

Belgium 37

In Brussels• Brussels had already adapted GC mechanism in 2011 to make it more responsive to market

changes. An annual revision ensures a payback on investment of 7 years.

• There was one change of the amount of GC in August 2013

from 4 GC/MWh to 2.4 GC/MWh (204 €/MWh).

• The support does not change in function of the size of the PV installation.

• The market price of GC in Brussels is very stable (85 €/GC).

• Guaranteed minimum price 65 €/GC in Brussels.

In Wallonia• Each renewable-energy or combined heat and power generator can sell to the operator of

the local transmission system, directly at a guaranteed minimum price, some or all of the green certificates awarded to them.

• The price of the green certificates which the local transmission system operator is required to buy is set at €65 (Guaranteed minimum price for Solar PV is 65 €/GC)

• In April 2013; 1,5 GC/MWh (97,5 €/MWh) for 10 years for installations between 0 and 5 kWpand 1 GC/MWh (65 €/MWh) during 10 years for installations over 5 kWp.

http://www.elia.be/en/products-and-services/green-certificates/Minimumprice-legalframe

Belgium 38

Minimum support per GC for PV in Flanders

Retail prices in Belgium in 2013

For household 19,3 €-ct/kWh

For commercial 18,1 €-ct/kWh

For industy 9,1 €-ct/kWh

Plant scale Minimum support price based on green certificate

Period 10-12. 2011 8-12. 2012 1-7. 2013 8-12. 2013

Unit €/MWh=GC (1 GC/MWh) €/MWh (bandingfactor, GC/MWh)

≤ 10 kW 270 90 21 (0,23)26 (0,28)

3571 kWh need for 1 certificate

10 < p ≤ 250 kW 270 90 59 (0,63)67 (0,72)

1389 kWh need for 1 certificate

250 < p ≤ 750 kW 150 90 46 (0,49)53 (0,57)

1754 kWh need for 1 certificate

Lifetime (years) 20y 10y 15y

From 2013 Green Certificate minimum support price is same to 93€ for all technology, !There is semi-annually adjusted bandingfactor in PV sector! http://www.vreg.be/nl/overzicht-bandingfactoren#

Belgium 39

Useful links

• National Survey Reports, IEA-PVPS Annual Report: http://iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=93

• http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/

• http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/SiteGlobals/EE/Forms/Listen/Publikationen/Publikationen_Formular.html?oneOfTheseWords=Suchbegriff+eingeben

• http://www.gse.it/en/feedintariff/Pages/default.aspx

• http://www.gse.it/it/Conto%20Energia/GSE_Documenti/Fotovoltaico/05%20Risultati%20incentivazione/TOTALE_DEI_RISULTATI_DEL_CONTO_ENERGIA.pdf

• http://www.rte-france.com/sites/default/files/bilan_electrique_2014.pdf

• http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/energie-climat/s/energies-renouvelables.html

• http://www.cre.fr/documents/deliberations/communication/coefficients-s11-et-v11

• http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Quel-est-le-dispositif-de-soutien.html

• http://informeestadistico.idae.es/t10.htm

• http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/avance_informe_sistema_electrico_2013.pdf

• http://www.elia.be/en/products-and-services/green-certificates/Minimumprice-legalframe

• http://www.vreg.be/nl/overzicht-bandingfactoren#

• Country map images taken from http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/index_en.htm

Link 40