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RPDP Secondary Literacy
Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development
Program
RPDP.net
Created by Jill M. LeoneReading Specialist
Copyright © 2007
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Students will:
• identify various
elements of a novel.
• analyze and evaluate
key literary elements.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
They can take you to -
• places you’ve never been
• times long ago
• times in the future
• into the hearts and minds of others
RPDP Secondary Literacy
• Keep you company on a boring day
• Make you laugh or cry
• Help you understand your own life through the lives of others
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Characteristics:
• a fictional prose work
• usually divided into chapters
• relatively long and often complex plot
• story traditionally develops through the thoughts and actions of its characters
RPDP Secondary Literacy
To understand:
• who is telling the story (point of view)
• where and when the story takes place
• who are the main characters
• what the characters are like
• what happens (plot)
RPDP Secondary Literacy
You should also understand:
• the author’s central idea or message (theme)
• how the author expresses his or her ideas (style)
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Preview checklist: the title and author the front and back covers summaries or excerpts from book reviews information about author introductory material – dedication foreword, or introduction chapter names and illustrations
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
It includes –• the time and period in history
• the place
• the atmosphere
• the clothing
• the living conditions
• the social climate
RPDP Secondary Literacy
A story can be set in an imaginary place,
such as an enchanted castle, or a real place, such as New York or
Africa.
The time can be the past, the present, or
the future.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The setting of a story is always important.
It influences the way characters act and
think and all aspects of their lives.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Mood is the feeling, or atmosphere, that the writer creates for the
reader.
The author can use the setting to create a mood,
which is happy, sad, exciting, or boring.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
As you read a novel, pay attention
to how the setting affects the
mood of the story and also how it
affects the lives of the
characters.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The narrative perspective from which events in a story or novel are told
RPDP Secondary Literacy
When you determine who is telling the story, you’ve discovered the narrative point of view.
This is important because the narrator controls:• what and how much is told• the kind of information given to the reader• even the shape of the work itself
RPDP Secondary Literacy
This means that the narrator –• is a character in the story • describes the action in his or her own words
What’s shown is limited to thecharacter's observations and
thoughts.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Events and characters describedby a character outside the action
Third person limited point of view: • The narrator tells the story from the perspective of only one character.
• The reader only learns what this person feels and experiences.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
• Narrator is all-knowing
• Can see into the mind of
more than one character
• Gives reader access to all characters
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
These are the people, animals, or natural forces represented as
persons in a novel.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Authors describe them carefully. You learn -• how they look • what kind of people they are • how they act in different situations• how they change during the story
RPDP Secondary Literacy
• Main characters
• Minor characters
• Static characters
• Dynamic characters
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Main characters - characters who the story revolves around the most.
Minor characters - interact with the main characters and help move the story along.
Static characters - stay the same over the entire course of the story, even though their situation may change.
Dynamic characters - evolve as individuals, learning from their experiences and growing emotionally.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The main character is the most
important character.
The action of the plot and main
conflict revolve around him or her.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The main character or hero in a narrative or drama, usually the one with whom the audience identifies
Often referred to as “the good guy”
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The person, thing, or force that works against the protagonist
Can be –• another character• a family • a society• a force of nature• a force within the main character
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The way the author develops a character is called characterization.
• Pay attention to these clues from the author:• Physical appearance and personality• Speech, thoughts, feelings, and actions• Interactions with other characters• Direct comments by the author
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The plot is the sequence of events or what
happens in a story.
Many plots contain a central problem –
something that goes wrong.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The characters also usually have a goal to achieve.
The struggle to achieve this goal or solve the problem is
the conflict.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
There are different types of conflicts in a story.
External Forces:
Man vs. man - another individual or group of individuals
Man vs. nature - something in the environment
RPDP Secondary Literacy
External Forces:Man vs. fate – a problem thatseems uncontrollable
Internal Forces:Man vs. self – a physical, mental or moral struggle faced by the central character
RPDP Secondary Literacy
By the end of a story, the character facing the conflict succeeds
or fails.
To identify the conflict, try to find the events
that caused the problem.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
• Pay attention to how a story ends.
• Many stories end by resolving their conflicts.
• The way a problem is fixed or solved is the resolution.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Plots usually progressthrough stages:
• Exposition• Rising Action• Climax • Falling Action• Resolution
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The exposition provides important background information and
introduces the setting, characters, and conflict.
During the rising action, the conflict becomes more intense and suspense builds as the main characters struggle
to resolve their problem.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The climax is the turning point in the plot when the outcome of the
conflict becomes clear, usually resulting in a change in the characters or a
solution to the conflict.
After the climax, the falling action occurs and the conflict is -
or about to be - settled.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The resolution is the ending.
The story’s central problem is finally solved, leaving the
reader with a sense of completion, although the
main character may not feel the same way.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Exposition
Risin
g Act
ion
Climax
Falling Action
Resolution
It’s like a map that tells you where you are in the action of the novel.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Tone expresses a writer’s attitude.
The tone of a literary work may be one of:
• anger• approval • joy • sadness• humor
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Writer’s style involves these elements:
• Word choice
• Tone
• Sentence structure and length
• Literary devices, such as figurative language, symbols, dialogue, and imagery
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Imagery is the use of words and phrases that create pictures in the reader’s
mind.Details that appeal to your
senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch –
make the writing come alive.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Figurative Language –• A special way of using words• Not meant to be taken literally• Creates a picture in the minds of the reader• Often involves a comparison
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Pay careful attention to the language and
details a writers chooses.
They will give you clues about the
writer’s tone.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
RPDP Secondary Literacy
This is the message about life from the author
to the reader.
It is like a lesson for life, something you can learn from the story and apply to other life situations.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
• The author usually doesn’t tell you the theme directly.
• You must figure it out for yourself by the way the characters act and react.
• Many novels have more than one theme, some major and some minor.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
• You understand your life through the lives of others.
• Use your imagination to form mental images.
• Read for pleasure.• Read more quickly.• “Big picture” is more important than details. • Easier to remember than nonfiction.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Good readers anticipate what they’ll be reading before they get to it.
Our background or prior knowledge enables us to make these
predictions.
It’s exciting to make predictions and then confirm how accurate we’ve been later on throughout a novel.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Which of the following provides important background information and introduces thesetting, characters, and conflict?
A. climaxB. expositionC. rising actionD. resolution
How did you do?
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Which of the following is considered aninternal force in the conflict of a novel?
A. man vs. manB. man vs. natureC. man vs. selfD. man vs. fate
How did you do?
RPDP Secondary Literacy
The main character or hero in a novel andusually the one with whom the audienceidentifies is the –A. antagonistB. protagonistC. narratorD. opponent
How did you do?
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Next time you open upa novel, think about the narrator’s point of view,
the characters, the conflict, the theme, and the writer’s
style and techniques.
You’ll see how they all fit together and can open up whole new worlds to you,
the reader.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
• Setting
• Mood
• Narrator’s Point of View
• Character Development
• Parts of a Plot
• Tone and Style
• Theme
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Permission is granted to copy (unmodified) all or part of this PowerPoint for educational, personal, non-commercial use off-line as long as the copyright message (Copyright © 2007 by Jill Leone) is maintained on the title page. This material may notbe sold, duplicated on other websites, incorporated in commercial documents or products, or used for promotional purposes.
Copyright © 2007 by Jill M. Leone
Copyright Notice