TRADITIONAL MODELS FOR UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIP

THE NATURE OF LEADERSHIP LEADERSHIP- it is a term that is often

used in everyday conversation, you might assume that it has a common and accepted meaning. In fact just the opposite true like several other key organizational behavior term such as personality and motivation.

THE MEANING OF LEADERSHIP We will define leadership in terms of

both process and property, as a process leadership is the use of noncoercive influence to direct and coordinate the activities of group members to meet a goal.

LEADERSHIP VERSUS MANAGEMENT Leadership and management are

related but they are not the same. A person can be manager a leader both or neither some of the basic distinctions between the two

KOTTERS DISTINCTION BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

EARLY APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP Although leaders and leadership have

profoundly influenced the course of human events , careful scientific study of them began only about a centure ago. Early studies focused on the traits, or personal characteristics of leaders

TRAIT APPROACHES Lincoln. Napoleon, joan of arc, Hitler and

Gandhi are names that most of us know quite well early researchers believed that leaders such as these had some unique set of qualities or traitsthat distinguish them from their peers.

BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP In the late 1940s most researchers

began to shift away from the traits approach and started to look at leadership as an observable to process or activity.

THE MICHIGAN STUDIES The Michigan studies leadership studies

were a program of research conducted at the university of Michigan. The goal of this work was to determine the patterns of leadership behaviors that results in effective group performance.

LEADERSHIP GRIDProvides a means for evaluating leadership styles and then training managers to move toward an ideal style of behavior

THE EMERGENCE SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODELSThe leader- behavior theories have played an importantant role in the development of more realistic, albeit more complex approaches to leadership.in particular urge us not to be so preoccupied with what properties may be possessed by leaders but to instead concentrate on that leaders actually to do.

THE LPC THEORY OF LEADERSHIP

SITUATIONAL FAVORABLENESS

Very favorable

Moderately favorable

Veryunfavorable

RECOMMENDEDLEADERBEHAVIOR

Task oriented behavior

Person oriented behavior

Task oriented behavior

LEADER SITUATION MATCHWhat happens if a person oriented leader faces a very favorable or very un favorable situation or a task oriented leaders faces a situation of intermediate favorable

VROOMS DECISION TREE APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP

The third major contemporary approach to leadership is vroomS decision tree approach. The earliest version of this model was propoed by victor vroom and Philip yetton and latter revided and expanded by vroom and Arthur jago.

BASIC PREMISES Vrooms decision tree approach assumes

that the degree to which subordinates should be encouraged to participate in decision making depends on the characteristic of the situation

EVALUATION AND IMPLICATIONS Because Vrooms current approach is

lelatively new it has not been fully scientifically tested. The original model and its subsequent refinement however attracted a great deal of attention and were generally supported by research.

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