Chapter 3

Things to remember

e-Learning

Chapter 3APPLYING THE MULTIMEDIA PRINCIPLE: USE WORDS AND GRAPHICS RATHER THAN WORDS ALONE

Things to Remember

MAT 611 Candace Brown and LuAnn Phillips

Learning increases when words are combined with multimedia

• Words

Printed text

Spoken text

• Images

Static illustrations- maps ,drawings, photos

Dynamic graphics – animation, video

– The following slides have graphics representing a fictional how-to for knitting.

Use graphics NOT as decorationsbut as information enhancers

6 Types of Enhancement Graphics

Representative graphics

Animations

Organizational graphics

Relational graphics

Transformational graphics

Interpretive graphics

Representative

• ILLUSTRATES

concrete factsconcepts and their part

K1, P1 Ribbing Knit all rows -the Garter Stitch

Knit 1 row, Purl 1 row- the stockinet stitch

Animations

limitedused to illustrate content that is difficult to convey using static images

Organizational

show relationships among ideas or topicsshow relationship between a whole and its parts

Relationalshow quantitative relationships among variables

• These 2 charts show the growth of Ravelry:

This is text reporting the incredible growth of a knitting social forum called, Ravelry.“We’ve got 430,000 registered users, in a month we’ll see 200,000 of those, about 135,000 in a week and about 70,000 in a day.We peak at 3.6 million pageviews per day. That’s registered users only (doesn’t include the very few pages that are Google accessible) and does not include the usual API calls, RSS feeds, AJAX.Actual requests that hit Rails per day is 10 million.900 new users sign up per day.The forums are very active with about 50,000 new posts being written each day.Some various numbers — 2.3 million knitting/crochet projects, 19 million forum posts, 13 million

private messages, 8 million photos (the majority are hosted by Flickr).”

Which conveys the information in amore efficient manner?

Charts From quantcast

Transformational

show changes over timeshow how to do a task

Interpretive• a series of static frames...

explaining a systemmaking an invisible phenomena visible

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Summary: Applying the Multimedia Principle

Research shows that people learn more deeply from words and graphics than words alone.

Choosing the appropriate media for the lesson is essential.

Animation sometimes causes cognitive load or fosters passive learning.

Novices benefit most from multimedia lessons.

Unknowns: impact of visuals on long-term learning, how quality of the visuals affect learning, when an animation is better than a static, and how to determine the cost benefit of investment in media.

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