1. Definition: What is ESD??Electrostatic discharge(ESD) is a spark or a spark over resulting from a large potential difference in an electrically insulating material, which causes a very short high electrical current pulse. A cause of the potential difference is usually a loading by triboelectricity.

2. Definition: What is ESD?? Examples: Lightning Discharge by touching a car door Crackling from the many small discharges when removing a sweater 3. Why is ESD important? Our bodies constantly generate and release static electricity.Almost every time we touch something, we discharge some amount of static electricity.While you work on a computer, you can discharge static electricity to the components of the system just by touching them.The human body can only feel an electrostatic discharge of 3000 volts OR MORE. Less than 100 volts can damage or destroy the delicate circuitry found in computers. 4. ESD Test Models ESD can have serious detrimental effects on all semiconductor ICs and the system that contains themThere are three major test methods are widely used in the industry today to describe uniform methods for establishing ESDwithstand thresholds 5. ESD Test Models Human-Body Model (HBM)The HBM was developed to simulate the action of a human body discharging accumulated static charge through a device to ground, and employs a series RC network consisting of a 100pF capacitor and a 1500-W resistor. 6. ESD Test Models Machine Model (MM) The MM simulates a machine discharging accumulated static charge through a device to ground. It comprises a series RC network of a 200-pF capacitor, and nominal series resistance of less than 1 ohm.The output waveform usually is described in terms of peak current and oscillating frequency for a given discharge voltage. 7. ESD Test Models charged-device-model (CDM ) The CDM (charged-device-model) device-level testing procedure is a simulation for situations that often happen in automated-manufacturing environments in which machines often remain on indefinitely, causing the electronic ICs to electrically charge over time.When the part comes into contact with a grounded conductor, the built-up residual capacitance discharges. For the CDM test, the DUT is placed on its back facing upward on a testing board. 8. Damages caused by ESD 9. Damages caused by ESD Discharge of high levels of electricity into wires and components not designed to accept such levels will result in damage. Damage is not always immediately apparent. Partial damage can result in intermittent errors in the computer because some pulses still flow properly while others dont. Billions of Dollars $$$ are wasted each year because of ESD damage. 10. Damages caused by ESD Field Service LevelSystem LevelBoard Level$5000Component Level$500 $50$5 11. Preventing ESD Damage 12. Preventing ESD Damage 1) Grounding Grounding is a very important measure. The best prevention is to connect the personnel with personal earthing system direct with earth: Grounding with help of a special reel Conductive footwear Heel bands should be worn on both feet, in order to ensure a constant contact to the ground 13. Preventing ESD Damage 2) Neutralization If an isolator is statically loaded, ESD damage can be caused by contact. In order to reduce this risk, an ionizer can be used, which produces billions of charged particles and thus neutralizes the static loading of the isolator 14. Preventing ESD Damage Example of a static safe workplace 15. static safe workplace components: 1) ESD Wristband or Ankle StrapAttached to the wrist with a wire leading to a metal clip attached to the grounded object. 16. static safe workplace components: 2) ESD Floor or Table Mat A floor mat placed where you stand The underside has contacts that provide an outlet for ESD to the ground beneath The floor and underneath the mat should be kept free of dirt and debris 17. static safe workplace components: 3) ESD Garments Worn over your clothing and provide a ground wire that can be attached to an ESD floor or table mat Made of a static dissipative material that slows ESD to give it time to discharge to the ground through the ground wire 18. static safe workplace components: 4) ESD Gloves or Finger Covering Worn on the hands or fingers that will come into contact with sensitive components. Can be made of one of the following materials: Vinyl Good for anti-ESD work Special substances to dissipate or prevent ESD transference. 19. static safe workplace components: 5) Anti-static Bags Computer components are shipped in special plastic bags. These bags protect the components inside from ESD Storing components in these bags will reduce the risk of ESD damage to the component 20. Team members: 1) Aya salah el-deen Hassan 2) Ahmed Khairy Mohamed Masoud 3) Ahmed Saeed Lotfy Hassan 4) Botamina Sameh Mounir Nashed 5) Rania Fathy Abdullah Mohamed 6) Reham Rafaat Abd Elmoty 7) Sara Mohamed Awaad 8) Mohamed Jamal Mokhtar Mohamed 9) Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed Sadek 10) Monika Safwat Sobhy6 21 23 84 118 126 132 202 217 249