Penetration Grade Bitumen -Used in  road surfacing, and some industrial applications

Bitumen is the oldest known Engineering Material and has been used from the earliest times as an Adhesive, Sealant and Waterproofing Agent.                     

A non-crystalline Solid or Viscous material having adhesive properties derived from Petroleum either by Batural or Refinery processes, and substantially soluble in carbon disulphide. Bitumen are Black or Brown in colour. This may occur naturally but are usually made as end products from distillation of or extracts from selected crude.                Penetration Grade Bitumen -Used in  road surfacing, and some industrial applications

Additional processing yields other grades of bitumen products and their applications are

Oxidized Bitumen - Produced by more vigorous air blowing; they are more 'rubber like' and less temperature susceptible than the paving grades. Used in roofing, waterproofing, electrical products, and many others.

Hard Grade Bitumen - Harder paving grades and are used  in making paints and enamels etc

Cutback Bitumen - Blends of penetration bitumen with Solvent such as kerosene used in spraying and some mixing applications

Emulsion - Stabilized Suspensions of bitumen in Water. used largely in road surfacing applications

Polymer Modified Bitumen - Mixtures of selected bitumen with polymers such as Thermoplastics or Elastomer used in many applications   On the Roads Hot Mixtures

Typically hot bitumen is delivered to a fixed asphalt plant where the hot mixture is produced and then transported to the road site for laying and compaction to produce the finished road surface. Different specification binders allow the road construction industry to create surfaces that facilitate different performance .

Surface Dressing is a process commonly used for road maintenance. It normally consists of spraying a thin film of binder onto the road surface using a mobile spray vehicle. This is immediately followed by the application of a layer of stone chipping that are rolled to embed them into the surface. Emulsions and cutbacks are usually used in the spray application. Variations on these two main themes have also been developed for bituminous road surfacing.  

  PENETRATION

The test determines the hardness of Bitumen by measuring the depth ( in tenths of a mm) to which a standard, and loaded needle will vertically penetrate in 5 seconds, a sample of Bitumen maintained at a temperature of 25 deg C ( 77deg F). Hence the softer the bitumen, the greater will be its number of penetration units.

SOFTENING POINT

This test is carried out by the Ring and Ball method, which consists of suspending a brass ring containing the test sample of Bitumen in water at a given temperature. A steel ball is placed upon the bituminous material, the water is then heated at the rate of 5 deg C increase per minute. The temperature at which the softened bituminous material first touches a metal plate at a specified distance below the ring is recorded as the Softening point of the sample.

FLASH POINT

In the interest of safety, legislation has been introduced in most countries fixing minimum flash point limits to prevent the inclusion of highly inflammable volatile fractions in kerosene distillates. According to Controller of Explosives classification it falls in the category of Class B Petroleum Products. Its flash point (Abel) is stipulated as Min. 35 deg C in the IS specification.        

Commonly Known as Pen GradeSpecification for Penetration Grade Bitumen 80/100     Property                                                      Range              Standard                                                            Specific Gravity @ 25/25’C                           1.00/1.05              D-70Penetration @ 25’C                                      80/100                 D-5Softening Point’C                                         45/52                   D-36Ductility @25’C                                           100 min                D-113Loss on Heating (wt)%                                 0.5 max                D-6Drop in Penetration after Heating                   % 20    max          D-6 & D-5Flash Point’C                                               225 min                D-92Solubility in CS2(wt)%                                  99.5 max              D-4Organic Matter Insoluble in CS2(wt) %           0.2 max                D-4Spot test                                                     Negative           *A.A.S.H.O.T.102Specification for Penetration Grade Bitumen 60/70 Property                                                   Range                   StandardSpecific Gravity @ 25/25’C                           1.01/1.06                    D-70Penetration @ 25’C                                      60/70                         D-5Softening Point’C                                         49/56                         D-36Ductility @25’C                                           100 min                      D-113Loss on Heating (wt)%                                 0.2 max                     D-6Drop in Penetration after Heating %               20 max                      D-6 & D-5

Flash Point’C                                              250 min                      D-92Solubility in CS2(wt)%                                 99.5 min                     D-4Spot test                                                    Negative                    *A.A.S.H.O.T.102Specification for Penetration Grade Bitumen 40/50Prpoerty                                                 Range                       Standard  Penetration  @ 25 Deg c                            40/50                           D.5  Softening  Point Deg.c                               52/60                           D.36  Ductility @ 25 Deg.c                                 100 MIN                       D.113  Loss On Heating  % Wt                             0.2 MAX                      D.6  Flash Point Deg.c                                     250 MIN                       D.92  Solubility  In CS2 %Wt                              99.05 MIN                    D.4  Drop In Penetration After Heating                20 MAX                       D.5  Density @ 25 Deg. c                                 1.01/1.06                     D.70-D.3289  

Oxidized Bitumen

Description

Blown grade bitumen is widely used as an anti-slip layer compound in the piling industry, for manufacture of roofing felts, for sound dampening felts and under carriage sealant in the automobile industry, electric cable joint protection, joint filling compound, sealant compound and many others.

It is also used in the manufacture of bituminous marine mastic for the oil & gas pipeline joints. It comes in various grades such as Grade 10/20, 85/25, 85/40, 115/15. We are also capable of producing other grades of Blown Bitumen upon request by our customers.

Technical Advantages

DurabilityFlexibilityWater ResistantChemical Stability

Application Blown grade bitumen shall be broken up into small pieces and heated slowly to the application temperature of 220ºC to 230ºC.

Packing20 & 50 Kg Kraft Paper Bags with Inner Lining , 200 Kg Steel DrumsSpecification

Characteristic           R 10/20       R 85/25        R85/40        R115/15           Method

Relative density       1.00 - 1.06    1.00 - 1.06   1.00 - 1.05   1.01 - 1.06      ASTM D70at 25 º C, g/ml          Softening point         90 min        80-90            80-90          100-120          ASTM D36(Ring and Ball), º C          Penetration              10-20         20-30            35-45           1-20             ASTMD5at 25 º C , 0.1 mm          Flash point                200           200               200              200               ASTMD92(Cleveland Open Cup) º C     

Loss on heating        0.5           0.2                0.5               0.2                 ASTMD6% by mass          Ductility                     2            3                   3                  2                   ASTMD113at 25 º C cm, min          Solubility                   99          99                 99                 99                  EN 12592 : 2000in  toluene % wt min       Oxidized Bitumen ( Blown Asphalt) Applications

Oxidized Bitumen has a wide variety of industrial applications Roof Felts i.e., Water Proofing for Roof & Floors, Anti Rust Pipe Coating, Anti Slip Layer Compound for Piling, Sound Dampening Felts, Under Carriage Sealant and Coats in the Automotive, Electrical Cable Joint Protection (Fillers), Joint Filling Compounds, Sealants, Bituminous Marine Mastic for the Oil & Gas Industry and many more in our day to day life.

Technical Advantages

1.Durability2.Flexibility3.Water Resistant4.Chemical Stability

Manufacturing Method

Oxidized Bitumen is produced by either Continuous or Staggered Blowing Process. Heated Penetration Grade Bitumen up to 300 deg C under controlled environment is blown with air in the Chimney / Tower. This process removes the Oil Content in the Bitumen and it is oxidized. Fuel oil is added to the process to make the penetration higher, if it is required to do so.

The oxidized bitumen, still at higher temperature, to be handled carefully and packed into Bags or drums as required. The associated safety and work place hazards need to be handled efficiently.The different grades for suited applications produced are designated by two numbers to indicate the mid-points of their softening point and penetration ranges.Manufacturing Process

Chemicals are added in order to decrease the time for the reaction time for blowing which shall have better control over the blowing conditions to produce different grades of Oxidized Bitumen with low capital investment.

Blowing is preferably done from the bottom of the Chimney/ Tower and the Temperature can be controlled by Water Jacketing.

Additives

While using distilled Used Oil or Crude Oil for the production of 90/10, 85/25 grades to the tune of 25 percent, care shall be taken the injection of oil shall be free from water to eliminate any explosive reactions during the process.

Dry and Harder Grades

Other grades are produced without adding Oil and the finished product will have near to Zero Penetration is predominantly used in Asia.

Process Control

Capacity of the Tower to be limited to not more than 75 percent as the volume increases with rise in temperature during the process.  Injection will take place around 230 degrees.Tower Temperature shall not exceed 290 degrees as the reaction will get critical leading to explosion.

Oxidation is done when the Admixture enters from the top of the tower and the bitumen at the bottom sprayed through the nozzle at an optimal temperature of 270 degree Celsius. Sampling from the tower has to be analyzed to determine the end point of blowing and the required properties of the final product.

Waste and Recovery

Gas and steam produced in the process shall be circulated through the condenser and separated. Minor amounts of furnace oil shall be recovered which can be reused to hear the furnaces.

Packing

Packing is done when the final product temperature brought down to 160 degrees in bags with Moulds or in steel drum before it cools down to room temperature and become solid.

Contact

TINSEL CARGO & OIL COMPANY

COMMERCE HOUSE

3RD FLOOR, SUITE 311,

MOI AVENUE, NAIROBI.

P.O. BOX 79456-00200 NAIROBI, KENYA

TELE FAX: +254-20-2229781,

Cellphone: +254-722-761587,

+254-734-939308

Website: www.tinselcargo.com

EMAIL: info@tinselcargo.com