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managerial and workers decision making models.
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IDENTIFYING ProblemsOpportunitiesCourse of action
When ?Ever changing factorsUn clear informationGood decision making is vital for good management
Types Types
Degrees of Outcome Predictability
Ambiguity●Managers know which goals they wish to achieve●Information about alternatives and future events is incomplete●Managers may have to come up with creative approaches to alternatives
Uncertainity●Managers know which goals they wish to achieve●Information about alternatives and future events is incomplete●Managers may have to come up with creative approaches to alternatives
Young Woman or O
ld
Woman
Conditions that Affect the Possibility of Decision Failure
Low HighPossibility of Failure
Certainty Risk Uncertainty Ambiguity
ProgrammedDecisions
NonprogrammedDecisions
Know when you, as the manager, can afford to put together a team
in a decision-making process, and when not
Know your personality
if the decision is up to you.
Beware of the most common decision
traps
3 Pillars of DM
DM models
Rational Administrative Political
Decision Type Programmed Non-programmed Non-programmed
Decision Outcome Optimal Satisfied Negotiated
Degree of Objectivity High Moderate Moderate to low
Summary
Political model
Decision making process
Identify and define problem
Decide on a solution
Evaluate alternatives
Develop alternatives
Establish decision criteria Weight criteria
Implement the decisions
Feedback and evaluation
Workers D M-Sharing the decision-making power with the lower ranks
Objectives
Workers Decision Making
Board level Participation
Workers Participation in Management
Job enlargement and job enrichment
Collective bargaining
Joint councils and
committees
Staff or works council
Complete control
Ownership ParticipationQuality circles
Financial Participation
TQM
Empowered Teams
Suggestion scheme
WDM
WDM
Workers Decision Making
Workers Decision Making
Workers Decision Making
Implications
Limitations