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Introduction to Lighting & Techniques
Introduction
Films consist of pictures and sound.
The pictures come from cameras, but cameras
need light to see.
All around us, there is plenty of light
“accidentally”, from ambient daylight, room
lights, etc.
Introduction
On location, it is the lighting team’s job to:
1. Use and supplement, or
2. Eliminate the “accidental” light
In the totally controlled studio environment, all
light has to be provided for the cameras
Arri Fresnel 1Kw Spot Light
Provides light to a specific spot
Barn doors can be adjusted to:
1. Limit light
2. Reduce shadows
3. Overlap adjacent lights
Produces a lot of heat
Kino Flo
Soft, flood light
Provides light to a large
area
Produces less heat
Fits into cramped areas
Redheads & Blondies
Three-point Lighting
Most commonly
used setup
Building block
Key light
Fill light
Back light
Key Light
Brightest light
Most important
Reveal surface form
Principal shadow
One side of the camera
Fill Light
Less intensity
Diffuse (soften)
Opposite side
Reduce shadows by key light
Three-point Lighting Combination
Depth & Separation
3 Dimensional
Separate background
from subject
Direction of Lighting
Front
Edge (side)
Back
Under
Frontal Lighting
From camera’s
viewpoint
Reduces modeling and
texture
Diminishes age wrinkles
Avoids shadows
Edge Lighting
Emphasizes texture and
contours
Highlights objects
Back Lighting
Directly behind subject
Often from high position
Halo effect
Illuminate & separate
outline
Under Lighting
Inverted facial modeling
Mysterious
Ghostly
Lighting Mood
Lighting helps to establish the mood of your
story.
Changing the angle, intensity, and colour of
your lights can dramatically alter the mood of a
scene
Flat Lighting
Low contrast
Reveals all details
Little or no shadows
No background separation
Boring
Modeled Lighting
High contrast
Tonal graduation
Shadows formations
Three-dimensional illusion
Atmospheric Lighting
Mood lighting
Support the atmosphere or
environment
Normally associated with darker
images
Use of practical lights
Silhouette Lighting
Back lighting
Brighter background
No or little subject detail
Common Lighting Terminology
Ambient light
The light already present in a scene, before any additional lights are
added.
Incident light Light seen directly from a light source (sun, lamp, etc).
Reflected light
Light seen after having bounced off a surface.
Common Lighting Terminology
Colour temperature
A standard of measuring the characteristics of light, measured in degrees Kelvin.
Contrast ratio The difference in brightness between the brightest white and the
darkest black within the image.
Key light The main light on the subject, providing most of the illumination and
contrast.
The Correct Way of Lighting
There is never a correct or definite way.
There is always scope for interpretation and trail
& error in lighting.
The Correct Way of Lighting
The best way is to ask these 2 questions:
1. How do I light the scene logically and realistically?
2. Where is the light for the scene coming from?
Angle of Shine
The imagined source of light for a scene representing
the sun shining downwards
What is your angle of shine in order to recreate the light
from the sun?
Managing Shadows
In the natural world, objects often only cast one defined
shadow
How do you light your shot to achieve one clear defined
set of shadows?