Leading

LEADINGInovaTeam

NATURE OF LEADERSHIP

Where does it come from?

KINDS OF POWER

POSITION POWER

Reward Power - Reward

Coercive Power - Punishment

Legitimate - Authority

PERSONAL POWER

Expert Power

- Specialties

Referent Power

- Charisma

- Identity

LEADERSHIP TRAITS AND BEHAVIORS

Leadership TraitsLeadership Behaviors

LEADERSHIP TRAITS

• Drive - have high energy; tenacious

• Self confidence - being confident

• Creativity - being creative

• Cognitive Ability - the ability to interpret information

• Job-relevant knowledge - know their own industry

• Motivation - Never giving up

• Flexibility - have control

• Honesty and integrity - dependable

LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOURS• high concern for the task

- defines and plans the work to be done, assign responsibilities, sets clear standards, urges task completion, and monitors performance results

• high concern for people - acts warm and supportive towards others, and maintains good relation with them, respects their feelings, is sensitive to their needs and shows trust in them.

LEADERSHIP MODEL

Fiedler’s Contingency ModelPath-Goal Leadership Theory

FIEDLER’S CONTINGENCY MODEL

Relationship-motivated

Task-motivated

LPC

You are the leader of a team of bank tellers. The tellers seem highly supportive of you.You have the authority to evaluate their performance and to

make pay and promotion recommendations.Job seems clearly defined regarding what needs to be done.

Situation 1:

You are a chairperson of a committee asked to improve labor-management relations in a manufacturing plant.

Not all members believe the committee is necessary.Committee members are free to quit any time they want.The goal is clear but no one can say for sure how to accomplish it.

Situation 2:

You are a head of a fashion section. You are selected over one of the popular sales clerks you now supervise.A clerk’s job is well defined.Clerks work under a seniority system and fixed wage schedule.

Situation 3:

PATH - GOAL LEADERSHIP MODEL Developed by Robert J. House, PH.D

leader’s behavior changes:

a) situation

b) environment

c) follower characteristics

Environment factor is all that is outside follower’s control like task structure, authority, organizational structure .

THESE SPECIFIC BEHAVIORS INCLUDE...

• Directive path-goal clarifying leader behavior

• Supportive leader behavior

• Participative leader behavior

• Achievement-oriented leader behavior

DIRECTIVE PATH-GOAL CLARIFYING LEADER BEHAVIOR

providing psychological structure for

subordinates.

KEYWORD: GUIDE

SUPPORTIVE LEADER BEHAVIOR

satisfaction of subordinates needs and

preferences.

KEYWORDS: SHOW CONCERN

PARTICIPATIVE LEADER BEHAVIOR encouragement of subordinate influence on

decision making and doing the tasks.

KEYWORD: CONSULT

ACHIEVEMENT-ORIENTED LEADER BEHAVIOR

encouraging performance excellence.

KEYWORD: ENCOURAGE

DRUCKER’S LEADERSHIP

ACCORDING TO DRUCKER...• Great Leaders are self-made, not born

• Leadership cannot be promoted, cannot be taught or learned, and that management cannot create leaders.

• Defined leadership as: The lifting man's vision to higher sights. The raising of man's performance to a higher standard. The building of a man's personality beyond its normal limitations

The Charismatic Leader

"CHARISMA BECOMES THE UNDOING OF LEADERS. IT MAKES THEM INFLEXIBLE, CONVINCED OF THEIR INFALLABILITY, AND UNABLE TO CHANGE."

ATTRIBUTES• inexhaustible energy

• imposing physique

• superior intelligence

• a magnetic personality

QUALIFICATIONS OF LEADERSHIP• Trustworthiness

• Authenticity

• Sets an Example

QUALIFICATIONS OF LEADERSHIP

• Trustworthiness:• Listen attentively to what others have to say

Seek others out from different levels of organization for informal meetings.

• Invite interested parties to important meetings

• Ask questions when you don't understand something.


• Authenticity:• Don't try to be something that you are not

• Don't try to become a xerox copy of a leader you admire

• Be yourself.


• Sets an Example:• Not the same as being popular

• Someone who is taken seriously

• Sets the right example

CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP

• Credibility:• Followers want their leaders to be credible

• Believe that their word can be trusted

• Enthusiastic about the direction of the firm

• Have knowledge and skill to lead


• Integrity and trust:

• Trust is the conviction that the leader means what he says.

• Effective leadership is based on being consistent


• Ethics:• People will follow when they are convinced of ethical

correctness of what they are doing

• Ethical standards are necessary if a leader is to convey a sense of meaningful mission


• Character:• Not something a man can acquire

• If not brought into the job, can never be acquired


• Leadership practices:• Think we, not I

• Have willingness, ability and self-discipline to listen

• Be willing to communicate

• The task matters

SOURCES• http://www.slideshare.net/PEXNetwork_team/drucker-on-

leadership-are-leaders-born-or-made

• Schermerhorn, Jr., John R. "Leading" Introduction to Management. 10th ed. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2010. pp.434-443, 450 .

• http://vectorstudy.com/management-gurus/fred-fiedler

• http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/an-introduction-to-organizational-behavior-v1.1/s16-04-what-is-the-role-of-the-contex.html

• http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/fiedler.htm

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