Group Dynamics

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Two or more people who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a definition.(Vaughan & Hogg, 2002, p. 200)

What is a “Group”?

Group

Two or more People

Who see them selves as group

members

Share common goals

Inter act with each other

Groups Vs Teams

All teams are Groups but not all groups are teams Skills in team is a force of together “Less me more

Us” Team have individual tasks and Responsibility link to

the task. A team have a positive synergy

1+1<2

Classification of GroupsGroups

Formal

Commandgroups

Tasksgroups

Informal

Interest groups

Friendshipgroups

Classification of Groups

Formal GroupsStructured to perform specific tasks

Command GroupsGroups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager

Tasks GroupsGroups composed of individuals brought together to complete a specific job task ; their existence is often temporary because once the task is completed, the group disbands.

Classification of Groups

Informal GroupsCreated by workers to meet their needs.

Friendship GroupsMade up of employees who enjoys each other’s company. satisfy the need for human interaction and social support.

Interest GroupsWorkers seek to achieve a common goal based on their membership in then organization.managers should observe interest groups to learn what employees see as

Reasons for Joining Groups

SecurityStatusSelf –EsteemAffiliationPowerGoal Achievement

Tuchman's Fives Theory Of Group Development

Performing

Adjourning Independence

Interdependence

Independence

NormingStormi

ngForming Forming

Forming Members join & begin the process of defining the

group’s purpose, structure & leadership.

Conflict & confrontation(disagreements) Intra group conflict occurs as individuals resist control by the group & disagree over lead. .

Storming

Norming

Close relationships develop as the group becomes cohesive & establishes its norms for acceptable behavior.

Performing Group fully functional Devoted to task at hand Mutual assistance Creativity Understanding goals & roles (Independence)

Adjourning (End of group / new modified group)The group prepares to disband & is no longer concerned with high levels of performance.

Dynamics of a group

Group Dynamics

Composition

Size

Roles

Norms

Leadership

Status

Cohesiveness

Factor that determines the efficiency of collaborative learning is the composition of the group.

Most intensive variable is the heterogeneity of the groups.

Types of diversityUnderlying Attributes

Age Information

Gender Knowledge

Intelligence Creativity

Race Values

Ethnicity Skills

Dynamics of a groupComposition

Size

Dynamics of a group

Smaller group –Cohesion develops more quickly.Productive For completion of a particular task

Larger group – more effective for problem solving. Social loafing effect can be occur.

( more numbers can lead to less individual effort and individual becomes a free rider)

Roles

Dynamics of a group

Group roles are largely determined by a combination of a person’s personality and his or her experience with group settings

Assigned roles- chairmen , secretary , manager, treasurer

Emergent roles- confidant , group joker , gossiper , mentor

Norms

Dynamics of a group

Acceptable stands behaviorWhat should/should not to do

Common classes of norms….. Performance appearance Social arrangement Allocation of resource

Why……Group survivalMeasure predictability of members behaviorReduce embarrassing

 

Cohesiveness

Dynamics of a group

Forming united wholeDegree of motivated to remain in group

Depend on….. Interpersonal attraction Record of high performance in past Competition with other groups

Conditions Effecting Group Behavior Introduction:

George Elton Mayo who's known as the founder of “Human Relations Movement” has mentioned in his book, “The Human Problems of an Industrialized Civilization” the importance of Group Behavior and its benefit towards an Organization.

When it comes to Group Behavior, the Conditions Effecting Group Behavior is an important aspect, which it could be divided as,

External (organizational) conditionsInternal Group variables

Conditions Effecting Group Behavior

External (organizational) Conditions

Internal Group Variables

• Overall strategy• Authority structures

•Individual competencies and traits of members

• Formal regulations• Available organizational

resources

•Group structure

• Employee selection criteria• Organizational culture

•Size of the group

• General physical layout •Internal pressure on members to conform or the group’s norms

• Personal selection processes • Performance evaluation and

reward systems

In this path Introduction about group decision

process…. Method of decision making…… Advantages of group decision

making…… Disadvantages of group decision

making……

Group decision

What is group decision?

A complex process…………………………. Require opinions from others………… On the process of decision making there are

several methods….

A. Authoritarian Style like a dictatorship Decision rest in the hand of the power full

person…..

Group decision

Methods of Group Decision-making

B. Brainstorming Excellent method Get the decision on consensus

c. Voting Based MethodCan you remember Voting Based Method????

Advantages Generate more complete information and

knowledge... Generate more diverse alternatives….. Increases acceptance of a solution…… Increases legitimacy of decision….

Disadvantages Time consuming……. Minority domination….. Pressure to conform……

SummaryWhat is a groupDifference between a group and a teamTypes of groupsReasons of joining groupsTuchman’s five theory of group developmentDynamics of groupsConditions effecting group behaviorGroup decisions

Thank you!