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Financial Projections for Presentations

Financial projections for investment presentations

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Page 1: Financial projections for investment presentations

Financial Projections for Presentations

Page 2: Financial projections for investment presentations

Heather  Onsto,  

Today’s  Speakers  

•  Senior  Controller  Consultant,  Venture  Advisors  

•  CPA  

•  Prior  Controller,  Accoun>ng  Manager  at  several  area  startups/high  growth  companies  

•  BS,  UVM;  MSA/MBA  Northeastern  

•  Venture  Partner,  former  Director  of  Small  Business  with  LaunchCapital  

•  Interim  CEO  of  the  Nanny  Caddy,  a  LaunchCapital  porMolio  company  

•  Over  20  years  experience  in  small  business  finance  

•  BA,  Wofford  College;  MBA,  Dartmouth  

Heather  Shanahan  

Page 3: Financial projections for investment presentations

Financial  Projec>ons:  WIFM?  

Today’s  presenta>on  will  focus  on  the  how  and  why  of  building  and  pitching  financial  projec>ons  

• How:    Crea>ng  financial  projec>ons  using  a  spreadsheet  and  some  common  accoun>ng  knowledge  shows  you  where  to  focus  your  resources  

• Why:    Crea>ng  financial  projec>ons  shows  investors  that  you  have  carefully  considered  all  financial  implica>ons  

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Financial  Projec>ons:  3  Objec>ves  

1.  Force  discipline  and  objec>vity  through  crea>ng  a  methodical  approach  

2.  Demonstrate  thorough  understanding  of  your  company’s  business  model  

3.    Provide  answers  to  “what  if?”  

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Building  Projec>ons:  Yeah,  but…  I’ve  heard  that  I  don’t  really  have  to  build  a  business  plan  with  financial  projec8ons  because  no  one  actually  reads  it…  

•  Business  plans  with  financial  projec>ons  are  necessary…      

–  Bo,oms-­‐up  vs.  Top-­‐down  

–  HINT:  You're  trying  to  talk  yourself  out  of  this!  •  Financial  projec>ons  are  a  key  por>on  of  the  due  diligence  

most  investors  perform  

FOR  YOU  

Investors  are  more  interested  in  the  assump1ons  made  when  building  financial  projec1ons,  not  the  exact  bo;om  line  

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Building  Projec>ons:  Pulp  fic>on?  Projec8ons  are  just  imaginary  anyway,  so  what  does  it  maCer  what  I  put  in?  

A  common  mistake  is  to  have  illogical  numbers  in  the  projec>ons  –  All  numbers  should  be  >ed  to  your  growth  assump>ons  

•  Ex  1:  If  sales  cycle  is  6  weeks,  should  there  be  sales  in  month  1?  

•  Ex  2:  If  business  is  seasonal,  should  growth  be  smooth  in  every  month?  

–  All  numbers  should  >e  with  a  rough  cash  flow  statement  •  Either  a  separate  tab  or  at  the  bo,om  of  the  P&L  

Projec1ons  that  have  not  been  planned  properly  make  investors  ques1on  your  understanding  of  your  business  model  

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Building  Projec>ons:  What  if…  

Scenario  planning  is  just  worst-­‐case  (out  of  business),  expected  (what  I  really  think  will  happen),  and  best-­‐case  (Google  buys  us  for  a  bazillion  dollars),  right?  

Focus  on  YOUR  key  success  metrics  to  drive  scenario  planning  –  Sales  trac>on  –  Gross  margins  –  Incremental  headcount  

Fundraise  amount  range  should  encompass  most  likely  scenarios  to  avoid  expensive  “Bridge”  or  “A-­‐1”  rounds  

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More  on  Scenario  Planning…  

Worst-­‐case  scenarios  should  answer  “What  happens  if  there  is  no  outside  capital?”  –  if  the  answer  isn't  'grow  slower',  is  this  a  pipe  dream?  

Best-­‐case  scenarios  should  answer  “What  does  this  business  look  like  if  everything  goes  right?”  –  if  the  answer  isn’t  a  huge  financial  win  for  your  investor,  is  this  a  pipe  

dream?  

Most-­‐likely  scenarios  should  answer  “What  does  this  business  look  like  following  comparable  companies’  growth  paths?”  –  if  the  answer  isn’t  able  to  be  funded  with  the  current  “ask”,  is  this  a  

pipe  dream?  

Goldilocks  got  it  right:  examine  all  op1ons!  

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Building  Projec>ons:  Common  Terms  

•  Revenue/Sales  •  COGS    •  Gross  Profit/Margin  •  Opera>ng  expenses  •  EBITDA  •  Cash  flow  breakeven  •  Working  capital  

•  Burn  rate  

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Building  Projec>ons:  How  it  works  

•  Fundamental  components  of  model:  •  Profit  &  Loss    •  Balance  Sheet  •  Cash  Flow  

•  Above  schedules  should  be  presented  by  month  

•  Have  an  assump8ons  page:  this  allows  flexibility  –  change  assump>ons  for  different  growth  scenarios  

•  Assump>ons  are  the  backbone  of  your  projec>ons,  so  you  should  know  them  COLD  

Excel  is  your  friend,  but  be  careful  with  cell  references  –  it’s  easy  to  make  a  mistake!  

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Building  Projec>ons:  Let’s  get  started…  

Es>mate  1%  of  $100  bazillion  market  

share  JUST

KIDDING!

Page 12: Financial projections for investment presentations

Projec>ons:  Start  with  Revenue  Take  a  “Bo,oms  Up”  approach  

•  Ex:  We  have  tracked  X  unique  visitors  to  our  website  and  with  an  industry  averages  2%  conversion  rate,  sales  will  be  Y.  

•  Ex:  Survey  revealed  customers  are  willing  to  pay  $X  for  a  product  with  Y  features.  

•  Ex:  Q4  sales  were  $X.  With  a  customer  acquisi>on  cost  of  $Y,  we  expect  a  20%  growth  rate  as  a  result  of  marke>ng  efforts  

•  All  revenue  projec>ons  must  be  backed  up  with  a  sales  plan  

Econ  101:  revenue  =  price  *  volume.    Knowing  which  element  is  driving  your  company’s  revenue  is  a  key  metric.  

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Include  details  of  relevant  expenses/ac>vi>es  related  to:  

  Selling   Marke>ng  

  Engineering  &  Development   COGS   General  &  Administra>ve  

Determine  headcount  first  then  build  expenses  around  that  

Projec>ons:  Add  in  expenses  

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Projec>ons:  Add  in  expenses  

•  Payroll  expenses  – Salaries  and  payroll  taxes  – Other  compensa>on  (bonuses,  commission)  – Fringe  benefits  – Variable  expenses  (T&E’s)  

•  Legal  and  Accoun>ng  •  Insurance  

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Projec>ons:  Other  considera>ons  

•  You'll  need  space  one  day  that  isn't  free  •  It  is  illegal  to  hire  someone  and  not  pay  them  •  Equity  +  cash  =  total  compensa>on  

•  As  equity  values  increase,  cash  compensa>on  should  increase  as  the  less  expensive  long-­‐run  pay  op>on  (this  means  you  are  WINNING!)  

•  Research  how  much  things  cost  –  don’t  guess!  •  Call  your  iden>fied  suppliers  for  costs,  terms  of  materials  and  development  costs  

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Projec>ons:  final  checks  

•  Look  for  gradual  (realis>c)  P&L  improvement  over  >me  

•  EBITDA  excludes  expenses  that  are  not  core  to  a  company’s  opera>ons;  allows  for  comparisons  without  regard  to  capital  structure.  

•  EBITDA  measures  the  progression  of  the  business  but  cash  flow  is  ul>mately  what  the  investors  look  for  

•  Consider  reasonableness  of  when  you  get  to  cash  flow  breakeven  and  the  total  cash  you  are  asking  for.    Does  it  make  sense?  

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Pitching  projec>ons:  What’s  the  “ask”?  

Financial  projec>ons  need  to  >e  to  the  amount  of  the  raise  –  Fundraising  takes  >me,  so  12-­‐18  months  of  cash  per  raise  –  Iden>fy  milestones  to  be  hit  and  cost  of  each  one  

–  The  sum  of  those  milestone  costs  is  the  raise  amount  –  The  "cushion"  in  the  raise  is  not  X%,  it's  the  cost  difference  in  the  most  likely  scenarios  

The  secret  to  life  is  “t”  –  “t”  is  the  variable  for  “>me”  in  mathema>cal  equa>ons…  and  >me  in  projec>ons  is  everything  

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Pitching  Projec>ons:  Rookie  moves  

–  CTRL+C+P  en>re  excel  model  into  a  slide  

–  Using  anything  less  than  18-­‐point  font    –  Li,ering  clipart  from  1995…  or  2013  

–  Sta>ng  projec>ons  to  the  $.01  –  Failing  to  summarize  projec>ons  

–  Using  ANY  of  the  following  phrases:  •  “conserva>vely  es>mated…”  •  “at  only  X%  of  the  market…”  

•  “with  no  compe>>on…”  

–  Forgexng  to  explain  what  the  amount  you  raise  achieves  

–  Relying  on  a  short-­‐term  exit  at  a  high  mul>ple  

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Pitching  Projec>ons:  Expert  moves  

•  Know  your  audience  –  The  earlier  you  are  in  the  development  of  your  business,  the  more  interested  in  your  assump>ons  the  investors  are…so  know  you’ll  be  discussing  them  in  detail.    Painstaking  detail.    

•  Be  rich,  not  king  –  Does  a  new  hire  cut  costs  or  increase  revenue?    This  will  drive  the  >ming  of  a  new  hire.  

•  Don’t  forget  that  headcount  is  a  step-­‐func>on    •  What  is  B/E  expecta>on  for  a  new  hire?  

–  Good  metric  for  HC  is  sales/employee  –  these  numbers  are  benchmarked  and  available  with  some  research.  

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Bad  Example  Revenue

Custom  runners  $                          480,000   624,000   811,200   1,054,560   1,370,928   Standard  runners 60,000   78,000   101,400   131,820   171,366  

Total  Revenue  $                          540,000    $        702,000    $        912,600    $  1,186,380    $  1,542,294  

COGS Custom  runners  $                          120,000    $        156,000    $        202,800    $        263,640    $        342,732   Standard  runners 39,000   50,700   65,910   85,683   111,388  

Total  COGS  $                          159,000    $        206,700    $        268,710    $        349,323    $        454,120  

GROSS  PROFIT  $                          381,000    $        495,300    $        643,890    $        837,057    $  1,088,174   Expenses

Selling  Expenses Commission  $                              36,000    $            46,800    $            60,840    $            79,092    $        102,820   Marke>ng/Adver>sing 50,000   50,000   100,000   150,000   200,000  

Research  and  Development 40,000   50,000   62,500   78,125   97,656   General  and  Administra>ve  Expenses

Office  Rent 30,000   30,000   30,000   30,000   30,000   Insurance 9,600   9,600   9,600   9,600   9,600   Office  U>li>es 4,800   4,800   4,800   4,800   4,800   Supplies 18,000   18,000   18,000   18,000   18,000   Salaries 120,000   120,000   120,000   120,000   120,000   Benefits 30,000   30,000   30,000   30,000   30,000   Miscellaneous   21,600   21,600   21,600   21,600   21,600  

Total  Expenses  $                          360,000    $        380,800    $        457,340    $        541,217    $        634,476  

EBITDA  $                              21,000    $        114,500    $        186,550    $        295,840    $        453,698  

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Good  Example  -­‐  Financial  Projec>ons  

Stream 2

Licensing

Stream 1

Equipment Lease space Salaries

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22  

Good  Example  –  “Breakeven  2015”  

Raise $750K

Raise $3 MM

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