Bread wheat breeding for yellow rust resistance at ICARDA: Current status and prospects

W. Tadesse, O. Abdalla, S. Rajaram, F. Ogbonnaya, A. Hagras, M. Keser, R. Sharma, K. Nazari, M. Sanchez-Garcia, Q. Sohail, A. Abdalat and M. Baum

April 28-May 1, 2014

Izmir, Turkey

Trends in Wheat Production Area and Yield in the World & CWANA, 1961-2010

19611964

19671970

19731976

19791982

19851988

19911994

19972000

20032006

20090

50

100

150

200

250

300

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

CWANA Area (ha) World Area (ha)CWANA Yield (t/ha) World Yield (t/ha)

Area

(Mill

ha)

yiel

d (t

/ha)

19611964

19671970

19731976

19791982

19851988

19911994

19972000

20032006

20090

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

9000000

10000000

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Effect of drought on Wheat production in Morocco, 1961-2010

ProductionAreaYield

Year

Are

a ( h

a) &

pro

ducti

on (

tons

Yiel

d (t

/ha)

Hessian Fly in(Mayetiola destructor) North Africa

• Serious pest in North Africa; cause yield losses of 36 -100%.

Production loss of cultivar Achtar : 100,000 T Monetary loss : $ 30 m US dollarsEstimated Yield loss Gereck : 40% Monetary loss : > $52 m US dollars Syria: Cham 8, Cham 6 : 30-80 % yield lossEthiopia : Attila (Kubsa): 40-70% yield loss

Yellow rust in CWANA

ICARDA’s Wheat Breeding Objectives

• High yield potential and broad adaptation

• Resistance to major diseases and insects

• Drought, heat, cold and salinity tolerance

• Grain quality

• Capacity building of NARS through training

Strategies and approaches

• Classification and targeting major MEs

• Shuttle breeding

• Marker assisted selection

• Use of wide crosses (Synthetics)

• Hot spots for disease screening

• Multi-location testing

Breeding Methods and Germplasm Flow

F3- F4 Selected bulk

F5Pedigree selection

PYTs

F6 : selected bulk

F2Pedigree selection

IN

Crossing block1. Simple (P1 x P2)2. Back cross (F1 x P1 or P2 )

3. Top cross ( F1 x P3)

DH

& M

ASQ

ualit

y an

alys

is

AYTs

Terbol Lebanon

Kulumsa Debre Zeit,

Ethiopia

Key Locations

LebanonTerbol

MoroccoMarchuoch

+ Jemaat Shaim

EgyptSids

EthiopiaKulumsa +

DZ

SudanWadmedani

TurkeyIzmir

Marchouch + Jemaat Shaim: Yellow rust, Septoria, drought tolerance, HF resistance

Sids: Yield potential

Imirz: Screening for rusts (Lab +field)

Kulumsa /Dz: Stem rust, yellow rust, septoria, fusarium

Wadmedani: Heat tolerance

Terbol: CB, adaptation, yield potential, rusts, cold, drought (at Kheferdan)

Distribution of International Nurseries and Yield Trials

The following International nurseries and yield trials have been distributed from Terbol station, Lebanon to more than 40 countries in the CWANA region and beyond up on request from the NARS .

1. Spring bread wheat observation nursery for CWANA (14th CWANA SBWON)

2. Spring bread wheat observation nursery for heat tolerance (14th SBWON HT)

3. Spring bread wheat yield trial for irrigated environments (14th CWANA ISBWYT)

4. Spring bread wheat yield trial for dry-land environments (14thCWANA DSBWYT)

5. Elite spring bread wheat yield trial (14th ESBWYT)

6. Especial nursery for SSA through the AfDB project support

Geographic distribution of ICARDA s’ spring bread wheat international nurseries, 2013

Wheat accessions with high level of combined resistance to yellow rust and septoria, 2011-2012.

FIGS approach• About 732 wheat landraces and wild

relatives have been identified through FIGs approach and were screened for resistance to yellow rust and septoria for two years (2011-2012).

• As indicated in the Fig, 9 genotypes of T. monococcum; 12 genotypes of T. timopheevii; 94 genotypes of T. turgidum and 15 genotypes of T. aestivum have been identified with high level of resistance to both yellow rust and septoria diseases.

• These genotypes will be used in the pre-breeding program for gene pyramiding.

Triticum aes-tivum ; 15 Triticu

m timo-phee-vii ; 12

Triticum

turgidum; 94

Triticum monococcum,

9

YR response of 24 elite FWW genotypes, Telhadya, 2011-2012

No

Variety/Pedigree

YR

response

Yield under

rain-fed (kg/ha)

Yield under

irrigation (kg/ha)

Combined yield (kg/ha)

1 JI5418/MARAS//SHARK/F4105W2.1 5R 4941 5372 51572 Solh (Check) 10MR 4872 6365 5619

3 4WON-IR-257/5/YMH/HYS//HYS/TUR3055/3/DGA /4/ VPM /MOS 5R 5098 7514 6306

4 ERYT783-96/SHARK-1 5R 4477 5908 51925 FRET2/TUKURU//FRET2 10MR 4902 5642 52727 SHI#4414/CROWS"//GK SAGVARI/CA8055 5R 4676 7910 6293

8 CAR422/ANA//YACO/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/4/BUCUR/5/BUCUR 10MR 5381 6540 5961

9 ZANDER-6/5/YE2453/4/KS831024/3/AUR/LANC//NE7060 5R 5566 6219 5892

10TRAP#1/YACO/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/6/SN64//SKE/2*ANE/3/SX/4/BEZ/5/JUN/7/SHARK-1 10R 4700 6681 5691

11

PLK/LIRA/5/NAI60/3/14.53/ODIN//[CI13441]/4/GRK79/6/MNCH/7/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO 10MR 4354 8116 6235

12 ZANDER//ATTILA/3*BCN 5R 5754 7974 6864

13 BOH4/7/WA476/3/391//NUM/5/W22/5/ANA/6/TAM200/KASYAN 5R 4640 7159 5900

14 RANA96/3/RSK/CA8055//CHAM6 10MR 4705 5115 491015 PANTHEON/BLUEGIL-2 5R 5235 8127 668116 BLUEGIL-2/CAMPION 5MR 3665 6884 527417 DAGDAS/APCB-40 10MR 4162 7095 562918 TAM200/KAUZ/4/CHAM6//1D13.1/MLT/3/SHI4414/CROW 5R 4101 7046 557419 SPN/NAC//ATTILA/3/TRAKIA 5R 5047 6379 571320 KARL/NIOBRARA//TAM200/KAUZ/3/TAM200/KAUZ 5R 4421 8354 638821 CADET/6/YUMAI13/5/NAI60/3/14.53/ODIN//CI13441/CANON 5R 4452 6871 5661

22

TOB/ERA//TOB/CNO67/3/PLO/4/VEE#5/5/KAUZ/6/URES/JUN// KAUZ/7/URES/JUN//KAUZ/8/VEE/MJI//2*TUI/3/2*PASTOR 5R 4727 7735 6231

23

NWT/3/TAST/SPRW//TAW12399.75/6/VEE/TSI//GRK/3/NS55.03/5/C126.15/COFN/3/N10B/P14//P101/4/KRC67 5R 4414 6482 5448

24 Bezostaya (Check) 40 MR 3596 5559 4577

Tadesse et al 2014, Crop Science

High yielding , drought tolerant and Hessian Fly resistant spring bread wheat genotypes, Marchuch, 2013

Hessian Fly Resistant

GenotypeYR

response

Yield (t/ha)

% of Arrehane

KAUZ/PASTOR/3/ALTAR 84/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//OPATA

5R6.93 131

TINAMOU-3/BANA-4 40MS 6.59 125NESSER/SERI/3/SHUHA-2//NS732/HER 40MS 6.51 123MUNIA//CHEN/ALTAR 84/3/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/4/MARCHOUCH-8

10MR6.37 121

NESSER/SERI//TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6 15MR 6.33 120KAUZ/PASTOR/3/ALTAR 84/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//OPATA

5R6.32 120

YEBROUD'S'//DOVE'S'/SERI/3/SAFI-1 10MR 6.17 117SHUHA-4/FLORKWA-4//HUBARA-3 5MR 6.07 115KAUZ/PASTOR/3/ALTAR 84/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//OPATA

10MR6.05 115

TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6//MASSIRA 5R 5.99 114CHILERO-1/STAR'S'//SHUHA-2/FOW-2 15MR 5.93 112NESSER/SERI/3/SHUHA-2//NS732/HER 10MR 5.92 112NESSER/SERI//TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6 40MS 5.92 112MUNIA//CHEN/ALTAR 84/3/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/4/MARCHOUCH-8

5R5.87 111

KAUZ/PASTOR/3/ALTAR 84/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//OPATA

10MR5.70 108

QIMMA-12/PASTOR-6//QIMMA-12 30MS 5.65 107KARAWAN-1/TALLO 3//REGRAG-1 5R 5.64 107ALTAR 84/AE.SQUARROSA (219)//SERI/3/MASSIRA 5R 5.63 107ALTAR 84/AE.SQUARROSA (219)//SERI/3/MASSIRA 5R 5.62 107KARAWAN-1/TALLO 3//JADIDA-2 5R 5.58 106Arrehane (check) 15MR 5.27 100

Mean grain yield level (t/ha) of selected elite genotypes at Sids, 2013

NAME PEDIGREE YR response at Merchouch

Yield (t/ha)ATTILA/3*BCN//FLAG-2 ICW06-00784-21AP/0KUL-0DZ/0AP-0DZ/0AP-5AP-0AP 20MR 11.1FLAG-3/ICARDA-SRRL-5 ICW06-00858-7AP/0KUL-0DZ/0AP-0DZ/0AP-5AP-0AP 10MR 10.6FLAG-6/ICARDA-SRRL-6 ICW06-00859-19AP/0KUL-0DZ/0AP-0DZ/0AP-2AP-0AP 15MR 10.3SERI 82/SHUHA'S'//GRU90-204782/3/MUNIA/CHTO//MILAN AISBW05-0252-1AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 50S 10.19KAUZ'S'/SERI/4/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//FCT/3/STAR

AISBW05-0259-11AP-0AP-0AP-4AP -0SD 30S 10.0KATILA-15//MNCH/3*BCN ICW05-0481-2AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 30S 9.9SERI 82/SHUHA'S'//GRU90-204782/3/MUNIA/CHTO//MILAN AISBW05-0252-1AP-0AP-0AP-3AP-0AP 50S 9.9SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/FLORKWA-1 AISBW05-0390-7AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 20MR 9.8KAUZ'S'/SERI/4/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//FCT/3/STAR

AISBW05-0259-4AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 70S 9.8KAUZ'S'/SERI/3/KAUZ//KAUZ/STAR AISBW05-0088-1AP-0AP-0AP-3AP -0SD 70S 9.6ATTILA 50Y//ATTILA/BCN/3/STAR*3/MUSK-3 AISBW05-0043-10AP-0AP-0AP-7AP-0AP 40S 9.6DEBEIRA/4/KAUZ//ALTAR 84/AOS/3/KAUZ ICW05-0597-2AP-0AP-0AP-4AP-0AP 40S 9.5KASYON/GENARO 81//TEVEE-1/../4/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/KAUZ

AISBW05-0112-12AP-0AP-0AP-2AP -0SD 20MR9.5

DEBEIRA/4/KAUZ//ALTAR 84/AOS/3/KAUZ ICW05-0597-8AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 40S 9.5KAUZ/AA//KAUZ/3/KAPSW/SHUHA-17 AISBW05-0321-4AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 30S 9.4BOUSHODA-1/4/SHUHA-2/3/BOW'S'/NKT'S'//TEVEE'S' ICW05-0521-3AP-0AP-0AP-2AP -0SD 30S 9.4KAUZ//MON/CROW?S?/4/SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD ICW05-0534-22AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 20MR 9.4ATTILA 50Y//ATTILA/BCN/3/STAR*3/MUSK-3 AISBW05-0043-10AP-0AP-0AP-5AP-0AP 50S 9.3KAUZ//MON/CROW?S?/3/VEE/PJN//2*KAUZ ICW05-0512-20AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 30S 9.3DEBIRA 50S 9.3MISR-1 50S 9.7SIDS-12 70S 9.3

Grain yield performance of elite spring bread wheat genotypes at Khafardan (rainfed) and Terbol (irrigated) environments, 2013

• At Terbol, grain yield performance of

the genotypes ranged from 2.5-7.6

t/ha while at Kheferdan, the yield

level ranged from 1.5 t/ha to 5 t/ha

• Genotypes such as #10 (HAALA-34),

#43 (MOUKA-4/RAYON), and #60

(QAFZAH-33*2/SALSAL-2) are among

the best high yielding genotypes both

at Terbol and Kheferdan locations

indicating that they do have both

drought tolerance and high yield

potential.

Yellow Rust Leaf rust Septoria0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

R (≤10) MR (15-20) S (≥30)

Wheat diseases

Num

ber o

f lin

esResponse of elite spring bread wheat genotypes rust and septoria, 2012/13

Yellow rust Stem rust Septoria0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Wheat diseases

Num

ber

of li

nes

a) Marchouch (Morocco)

b) Kulumsa (Ethiopia)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

671

412

712

Response of 1795 spring bread wheat genotypes in PYT to yellow rust at Marchouch, Morocco, 2013/14

R (≤10) MR (15-20) S (≥30)

Num

ber o

f lin

es

Is the YR race similar in the CWANA region? Response of selected bread wheat cultivars in Marchouch, Morocco, 2013/14

Digelo

Arrehane

Attila-7 KBG

PBW-343

Pavon

Cham-8

Aguilal

Saada

Debeira

Achtar

SIDS-12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80YR

sev

erit

y in

%

Response of spring bread wheat genotypes to stem rust at Kulumsa, 2013

• .

Performance of wheat genotypes at Debrezeit, Ethiopia,Nov. 8, 2013

Wheat genotypes response for stem rust at Debrezeit, Nov 2013

DW genotypes response to stem rust at Debrezeit, Nov, 8, 2013

Association mapping for yield potential, drought tolerance and yellow rust resistance

Y irr; Y RF; YR; * < 0.01

Source: Tadesse et al, 2013

wPt-466447.1wPt-260058.6wPt-5556

60.6 wPt-619961.7 wPt-4125

wPt-619263.2wPt-849265.7wPt-199270.1tPt-51368973.1wPt-114075.6wPt-149479.1tPt-412586.9wPt-375590.3wPt-051096.6wPt-4210101.7wPt-2415103.8tPt-4248106.0wPt-4072112.2wPt-6643117.9wPt-7829119.8wPt-2214125.4

2BL Yr(5, 7)

tPt-855750.0wPt-73218352.3

tPt-904889.8wPt-312792.4wPt-73100299.0tPt-513202105.0wPt-664937107.9

6A Yr(D, Dru2)

tPt-8698126.6

wPt-0137134.5wPt-1553140.5wPt-4025146.4wPt-0312148.6

7BL Yr (39, C591, ZH84)

wPt-45370.0

wPt-91928.6wPt-74459515.0wPt-127216.6wPt-104619.9wPt-855520.4wPt-1120325.4tPt-159333.4

4B

wPt-66417460.3wPt-492462.1wPt-316865.7wPt-855467.8wPt-889268.8

6BL

Association mapping profiles of resistance to P.tritici. Consensus linkage maps are based on information from Diversity Arrays Technology PTL. On the left, values are genetic distance in centimorgans (cM). On the right, diversity array technology markers (bold) are significantly associated with resistance to YR. On the far right side, the reported Yr genes are indicated.

Tadesse et al 2014. Crop science

Marker Chr Pos P FDR R2

wPt-2600 2BL 58.6 0.00310 0.0003 5.6 wPt-5556 2BL 60.6 0.00113 0.0001 6.6 wPt-6199 2BL 61.7 0.00191 0.0002 6.2 wPt-6192 2BL 63.2 0.000062 0.000063 7.1 wPt-4125 2BL 63.2 0.00276 0.0003 5.6

wPt-744595 4BS 15.0 0.00178 0.0002 6.0 wPt-1272 4BS 16.6 0.00178 0.0002 6.0

wPt-732183 6AS 52.3 0.00002 0.00003 8.3 wPt-8554 6BL 67.8 0.00161 0.0001 6.7 wPt-4025 7BL 146.4 0.00446 0.0003 5.4

Recently released varieties by NARS from ICARDA’s wheat breeding Program Variety Name

Type Cross/PedigreeYear of Release

Country

SIDS-13 SBW KAUZ//TSI/SNB 2010 Egypt

HOGGANA SBW PYN/BAU//MILAN (= ETBW 5780 2011 Ethiopia

SHORIMA SBW UTQE96/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN 2011 Ethiopia

HULUKA SBW UTQE96/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN 2011 Ethiopia

KARIM SBW T.AEST/SPRW//CA8055/3/BACANORA86 2011 Iran

GOUMRIA-3 SBW VEE#7/KAUZ 2013 Sudan

GIZIL BUGDA FWW SAULESKU41/SADOVO1 2009 Azerbaijan

CHUMON FWW CADET/6/YUMAI13/5/NAI60/3/14.53/ODIN//CI13441/CANON 2012 Tajikistan

TACICAR FWW OR F1.158/FDL//BLO/3/SHI4414/CROW 2012 Tajikistan

BUNIYODKOR FWW DORADE-5//KS82117/MLT 2012 Uzbekistan

RIJAW FWWPATO/CAL/3/7C//BB/CNO/5/CAL//CNO/SN64/4/CNO//BAD/

CHR/3/KL../6/SABALAN2011 Iran

HUMA

 FWW PYN/PARUS/3/VPM/MOS83-11-4-8//PEW/4/BLUGIL 2011 Uzbekistan

Capacity Building of NARSClassical and Molecular Approaches in Wheat Breeding

Summary

Strengthen the search and introgression of novel resistance alleles (pre-breeding)

Continue to combine major genes with minor genes in adapted and high yielding cultivars for multiple disease resistance using molecular markers

Strengthen and promote IPM options

Improve access to better seeds

Strengthen database management and networking

Capacity building of NARS

Acknowledgements

• ICARDA’s Wheat Team+ M.Sc. and PhD students

• NARSs in the CWANA

• INRA-Morocco; ARC-EGYPT; AUB & AREC-Lebanon; EIAR-Ethiopia; ARC-Sudan and Turkey

• WHEAT CRP; CIMMYT; GRDC; AfDB, EU-IFAD, YASP

Thank you