Transonic combustion in IC Engines

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Guided by : HARI VIJAYAN Asst. Professor Mechanical Dept.

TRANSONIC COMBUSTIONin

IC ENGINE

Presented by: ANILKUMAR G S7 MECHANICAL 15134408

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Introduction

Transonic combustion & principle

Supercritical Fluid

Advantages and Disadvantages.

Conclusion

References.

CONTENTS

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Internal combustion engine (ICE).

It is an Engine in which Combustion of fuel occurs inside the

Combustion Chamber.

Efficiency of IC Engine.

Losses that affects Efficiency

Exhaust Emission.

INTRODUCTION

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THERMAL LOSSESEngine Losses - 62.4 %

Idling Losses - 17.2 %

Accessories - 2.2 %

Driveline Losses - 5.6 %

Aerodynamic Drag - 2.6 %

Rolling Resistance - 4.2 %

Inertia; Braking Losses - 5.8 %

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EXHAUST EMISSIONS

Source : www.fppt.info

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TRANSONIC COMBUSTIONSupercritical fuel injection system.

Combination of Injection and Ignition process.

Short delay period.

Independent of air-fuel ratio.

Double efficiency compared to current gasoline engines.

Rapid air-fuel mixing and fast combustion.

Injection of fuel is delayed and takes place after tdc.

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SUPERCRITICAL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Fuel is heated beyond thermodynamic critical point.Fuel injection is using a specially designed fuel

injector.Heating takes place with the help of exhaust gas heat

recovery and electrical heating.Prevent droplet diffusion burns & partial combustion

near the cylinder walls.

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SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

Substance at a temperature & pressure above its critical point.

It is not a solid liquid or gas.Have properties between those of a liquid and gas.

It has no surface tension.

Small changes in temperature & pressure results in large changes in density.

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PHASE DIAGRAM

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INJECTION OF FUEL NORMAL

SUPERCRITICAL


11Source : www.fppt.info

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BASIC COMPONENTS OF TSCi SYSTEM

ECU

High pressure fuel pump.

Fuel conditioning module.

Heat exchanger.

Fuel rails.

Fuel injectors.


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FCM

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ENGINE CONTROL UNIT

The quantity of fuel injected into each cylinder per engine cycle.

Variable cam timing (VCT). Monitors air conditioning. The ECU controls other

parameters by monitoring the engine through sensors including throttle position sensors, air temperature sensors, engine coolant temperature sensors and other sensors Source : www.fppt.info

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FUNCTIONS OF ECUVariable valve timing control.Idle speed control.Fuel injection.Error detection.Monitoring temperature and other sensors

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HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP

An electric fuel pump.

It has high safety.

The ECU communicates to the fuel pump for a precise fuel

mixture and amount of fuel in the tank.

The fuel pump calculates appropriate refueling mixtures that

are compatible with the remaining fuel in the tank and the

vehicle's operational capabilities.

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ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP


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FUEL CONDITIONING MODULE

Technology based on the discovery that high powered magnets

placed in a particular pattern on fuel feed lines cause the fuel to burn at a higher temperature and more efficiently.


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HEAT EXCHANGER

Equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another.

Uses heat from exhaust gases to heat the fuel. Generally tubular heat

exchanger is used.


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FUEL RAIL (COMMON RAIL)

A pipe (usually resembling a rail) used to deliver fuel to individual fuel injectors.

It is designed to have a pocket or seat for each injector as well as an inlet for a fuel supply


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FUEL INJECTORWhen signalled by the ECU the fuel injector opens

and sprays the pressurised supercritical fuel into the engine.

The duration that the injector is open (called the pulse width) is proportional to the amount of fuel delivered.

The fuel injector is mounted substantially in the center of the cylinder head of the combustion chamber.


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ADVANTAGESImproved fuel efficiency

Lower green house emission

Multi-fuel compatible

About 50 % increase in efficiency.

Perfect combustion of fuel.

Pollution is reduced to a greater extent because of perfect combustion.

Knocking is eliminated.

Engine life is increased.

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DISADVANTAGES

Might be Costly.

Supercritical fluid extraction is quite difficult.

Need regular maintenance.

If ECU goes wrong somehow efficiency affects.

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CONCLUSIONBy eliminating the ignition system and introducing a completely

redesigned fuel injection system, TSCi (Injector-Ignition) realize a 50%

increase in efficiency.

With the influence of supercritical fluid enhances a complete combustion

and there by increases engine efficiency and reduces the emissions.

When tested under lab conditions the losses associated with these IC

engines were drastically reduced.

The transonic combustion engine technology would improve fuel economy

by far and also reduce exhaust emission.

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REFERENCESDe Boer, C., Chang, J., and Shetty, S., "Transonic Combustion - A Novel

Injection-Ignition System for Improved Gasoline Engine Efficiency," SAE

Technical Paper 2010-01-2110, 2010, doi:10.4271/2010-01-2110.

Bottini, Susana. "Preface." The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 45. 2.June

2008 133. 27 May http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08968446.

Dixon, D. J. and Johnston, K.P., "Supercritical Fluids," In Encyclopedia of

Separation Technology; Ruthven, D.M., Editor, John Wiley, 1997, 1544-

1569.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08968446



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Automotive

Transonic combustion in IC Engines