Electrical Vehicle (EV)

1

Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulChairman, Board of Director of Innovation Group March 2017

Thailand

Economy

Green Economy

Technology

Finance & F/X

Politicians

Local Politicians

Social Changes

Globalization and Trade Regulations

NBT

Consumer’s

behavior

“Something new and better

Global Warming

Environmental Control Green Technology

Political Transparency

Government Offices

Local influencers

3D Printing

Bio-Engineering

Digital Technology and Robotic

Digital Communications

Unbalance of incomes Aging

People

Urbanization

Multi-nationalities Labor mobility

2Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/transportation/electric-cars/

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Battery Electrical Vehicle(BEV)

BEV is an electric car that is propelled by electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries. Electric motor are more quite than ICE and generate much lower heat and pollutants. Not only Internal combustion engine but fuel system are not necessary also for BEV.

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vs. Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV) Electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle (EV). The term "electric vehicle" refers to any vehicle that uses electric motors for propulsion.

Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 3


Why Electric

Vehicles??

The Transport sector is responsible for one

quarter of total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

Major Emmissions of Pollution – especially

in Megacities (Urbanisation)

One Quarter of total consumption of fossil

raw materials

Noise Pollution

Losses : about 40% hot exhaustgases

20% motor cooling (water)

10% motor cooling (radiation, convection)

10% other losses

Energy Efficiency ICE

20 % propulsion

Energy Efficiency EV

85 % propulsion

Losses : about 5% battery 10% other losses






Today oil demand is 92.4 mbd and automotive accounts for 75% of oil product consumption in transporting system or 50% of final oil consumption

By 2023, w/w will consume 100 mbd of oil, EV could replace 2 mbd of oil demand as early as 2023

China is the strongest growing country in EV

Current price of battery in mid-sized car cost $ 15,000. makes EV car very expensive. But price of battery is coming down.

While cost of producing ICE to meet environmental controlling standard will becoming more expensive than EV which meet the standard


HEV

FCEV

PHEV

EREV

HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicle BEV: Battery Electric VehicleEREV: Extended Range Electric Vehicle FCEV: Fuel cell Electric Vehicle


BEV

http://www.google.co.th/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjChvqZ78DPAhUEO48KHdkzC48QjRwIBw&url=http://vrworld.com/2014/07/14/hyundais-2015-ix35-tuscon-fuel-cell-goes-435-miles/&bvm=bv.134495766,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNEfJAyJHD1PcIKSwRW0PJnytshUpg&ust=1475660796932741

http://www.google.co.th/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http://wma2013.com/&psig=AFQjCNFK1H3vyzNAkQfNjFRlNvYPqO1zXA&ust=1475657243850952

http://www.google.co.th/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http://www.jdpower.com/cars/chevrolet/volt/2015&psig=AFQjCNHUSBw8KgpfrTbmEJ_LbF5NNurjOQ&ust=1475660108897008

HEV PHEV BEV EREV FCEVEngine Y Y N N Fuel cell

Regen.brake Y Y Y Y Y

External N Y Y Y N

Engine

M/G

Battery

Fuel tank

Engine

Fuel tank

M/G

Battery

Engine

Fuel tank

M/G

Battery

M/G

Battery

Fuel cell

M/G

Battery

H2 tank

Charged by engine/fuelcell

Charged by regenerative braking

Charged by external power source

Large battery capacity for long range travelling -> Charging by external power source is definitely necessary


https://www.google.co.th/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjUxMrspMDPAhUVSo8KHefRDJMQjRwIBw&url=https://clipartoons.com/best-clipart-image-1900/&bvm=bv.134495766,d.c2I&psig=AFQjCNFv2QdAKA0jKKg-WWrlqD5SqCrXmA&ust=1475640869665040




AC (Normal and fast charge) DC (Quick charge)

Phase/Voltage 1 P/230 V 3 P/400 V -/400-500 V

Power 3.3-7.4 kW 10-43 kW ≥ 50 kW

Charging time (Ex. Battery capacity 24 kWh)

3-7 hr.(Full charge)

0.5-2 hr.(Full charge)

< 30 min.(80% charge only)


Global cumulative number of PEVs* (BEV+PHEV) has reached 1.2 millions in 2015

PEVs

BEV

1 million

*PEVs: Plug-in Electric Vehicles (BEV + PHEV)


Global cumulative number of EV charging outlets, 2010-2015, has reached 1.45 millions outlets.

• As of 2015,the numbers of private charger are 1.3 millions outlets, publicly low charger are ∼162,000 outlets and publicly fast charger are ∼28,000 outlets respectively.

• Top 3 countries: US, China and Japan

Note: Slow chargers include AC chargers with charging power ≤22 kW. Fast chargers include AC chargers with charging power 43 kW, DC chargers, Tesla Superchargers and inductive chargers.

(tho

usan

ds)


Level Target Scope Type Tool

• National• State/

provincial• Municipal

• Private customers

• Industry• Public sector

• Vehicle• Charging infrastructure

• Financial• Target/bans/mandates

• Public procurement

• Others

• Fiscal-Tax incentive/ penalty

• Direct financial subsidy

• Mandates &Targets

• Product standards

• Public expenditure

• Electricity rates

• Etc.

A key driver to boost the EV ecosystem – THE POLICY

Ex:

A federal funding programme that contributed to 36,500 publicly accessible charging outlets in place in 2015.

A partnership with a retailer for the installation of 500 fast chargers and 650 standards chargers at its stores, providing 2/3 of funding.

From March 2015, the CH government has mandated that parking spaces in new residential bldg. & at least 10% of public parking should have EV charging infrastructure.


*Hawkins, Troy R.; Singh, Bhawna; Majeau-Bettez, Guillaume; Strømman, Anders Hammer (February 2012). "Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles". Journal of Industrial Ecology. 17 (1): 53–64


High cost of Li-ion battery. Besides Li, Cd is relatively expensive and toxic.

Critical Raw Materials (Rare Earths (for example neodymium, dysprosium; Special Metals etc.) – many of them not available in Europe

Range small compared to ICE cars and temperature dependant Low Comfort Level (Heating ; other energy consumers..) Long Loading Times

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00532.x/full

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00532.x/full


Mobility of the Future

Shared Mobility

Connected

Autonomous Driving

E-Mobility

Emerging new service platforms of transportation is customized and convenient for consumers.

Driverless system must be relied on safety and convenient in driving including effectively connecting with other cars.

Car Emission would be reduced with electrification system both vehicle technologies (PHEV/BEV) and traffic management in urban areas.

Infrastructure and transportation should support digital driving system.

Connectivity in supply chain by digital system will come into play.

Share services

Autonomous or self-driving vehicle

Automotive Industry of the Future

Green mobility

Digitalization of automotive products and process

management

1 2

34

Source : Mckinsey & Company , Mercedes-Benz , PWC



ExpectedCost

2015 2020 2025 2030

100 € / kWh EV >= conventional

150 € / kWh HV battery system

costs

200 – 300€ / kWh

HV batterysystem costs

Conventional powertrain costs

Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 21Innovation Group (Thailand)


Drivetrain now

Diesel Gasoline

Hybrid

eDrive

Future



S-Class GLE GLC GLC COUPE

C-Class EstateC-Class E-ClassC-Class LWB

2014 20162015

Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul

100%

EV Share Mercedes-Benz Cars

Sales 2025

Greater China

NAFTAWEU

Highest Potential EV Share Mercedes-Benz Cars 2025

Ready for the market

50%

15%

25%

25Innovation Group (Thailand)


B 250 eSLS AMG Coupé Electric Drive

smart fortwoelectric drive

smart electric drive -fortwo and forfour

Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL

Battery-electric vehiclewith up to 500 km range

Intelligent EV-Architecture

2010: Underfloor package206 g Platinum4 kW / m2 active area Screw compressor

2017: Compartmentpackage20 g Platinum9 kW / m2 active areaElectric turbo charger withturbine

reduction ofPlatinum


30%

30%

higher mileage

reduction fuel cell engine size

higher electric range in future vehicles


90%

40%





AC Charging


DC Charging Inductive Charging



Electric Vehicle

Charging Infrastructure

Digital Services

Friends

Airport

Super marketStadium

Cinema

Bakery

Parking lot Restaurant

Park

Private trip Daily business Holidays

POI

Zoo

Mall

Parking lot

Parking lot

Gym

Rest stop

Customerrequirements

available fast intelligent comfortable

@homehighway

public

@work

2nd plant start of operations: mid 2018

Production of Li-Ion batteries for hybrid as well as electric vehicles and energy storage systems

Production space stocked up from 20,000 to 60,000 m2

Extension

Deutsche ACCUMOTIVE GmbH & Co.KG, Kamenz, Germany




EV needs light martials for its chassis and body. Aluminum alloys and carbon composites are replacing heavy steel

Li-ion battery uses Li as the anode. Graphite as the cathode .

Li is sensitive to air and moisture to ignite.

Copper will be heavily consumed , 80 kilos per car. If in 2035, 140 million EV on the road ( 8% of total fleets of light vehicles). EV will consume 1/3 of total global copper demand .

By 2025, . EV could replace 2 million barrel a day of oil demand and increasing (w/w will consume 100 million barrel of oil per day)


Lithium-ion batteries are main battery for all rechargeable applications from cell phones to electrical cars to renewable energy farm.

Graphite is used in the other electrode 99.9%) purity as anode-grade. Graphene is ideal for use in in battery because of its net-like structure that allow Li atoms through, speeding up charge and discharge times.

Most Li-ion battery contain graphite 55% more than Li (55 pounds in large EV battery)


Lithium Cobalt Oxide ( 60% Co has highest density, using mainly in cell phone and lab top)

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide(10-20% Co has lower density but can handle larger energy loading and makes it safer in large batteries in EV)

And finally Lithium NickleCobalt Aluminium Oxide ( 9% Co, lower density, high load battery , good for large scale project )

Co is found in mining of Ni. Cobalite ( CoAsS) is important deposite in Congo. Mining of Co causes poisonous of Arsenic to steam and Arsenic fume in smelting


World is looking to use non-Cobalt in Li compoundLi-battery station provides peak hour electrical power

plant to cover times of excess demand..300 megawatts of battery storage is building in California.


Tier 2 & 3Tier 1Assembly Group

Auto parts Producers 450,000 people

Supporting Industries 100,000 people

Car and Pickup truck Assembly

17 companies, 23 firms

Motorcycle Assembly

8 Companies8 firms

Small and Medium Auto parts producers(1,700 companies)

Stamping, plastics, rubber, machining, casting, forging, function, electrical,

trimmingEngines, Drivetrains, Steering, Suspension, Brake Wheel, Tire, Bodyworks, Interiors, Electronics Systems

Auto parts Producers(386 companies)

Motorcycle parts Producers(201 companies)

*Car Assembly100,000 people•Distributor,

•Service center200,000 people

Cluster structure and supply chain in Thailand automotive industry

- Distribution W/H- Finance- Assess- Specific Adviser- Logistic- Leasing, Banking

Entrepreneur Associations and Institutions

Academic and Technical Institution

Government

Upstream industriesIron and Steel, Plastics, Rubber, Electronics, glass and mirror,

Textile and Leather, Petrochemical, Painting and Coating

Policy group and supporting organizations

Services industries

Supporting industriesMachinery, Tools and Mechanical devices, Molding etc.

World Ranking

12thProduction

Base

Target

More than 2,500 companies

42

THAILAND AUTOMOTIVE AND MOTORCYCLE

EXPORT VALUE(MILLION BAHT)

Export value of Thailand automotive and auto parts industries

THAILAND AUTO PARTS EXPORT VALUE(MILLION BAHT)

2015 Total export value

1.2 Trillion Baht

Source : TAI/ TAPMA

MB.

MB.

Thai automotive production is close to 2 million cars. It is the 12th world’s car production of 91 million cars.

It accounts to almost 1.5 trillion baht in total value chain.

Always, Automotive industry is key driver in development of steel, petrochemical and rubber industries.

Automotive and tire industries consume 65% of total rubber. And Thailand is the largest NR producer, at 4.5 mil. tons.

65% of Innovation Group’s revenue is generated from products and service to automotive industry.




Weather strip

Grommet

http://yongsheng.manufacturer.globalsources.com/si/6008822534114/LargeImage/Auto-Rubber-Parts/product_id-1004494883/action-GetProduct.htm


Brake-Clutch parts

Anti vibration parts

Hoses and Fuel Hoses

Engine Mount

Dustproof cover

Bush

Oil Seal

Intake hoses

WEATHERSTRIPS

HOSES

GASKETSWIPER BLADE

BELTS

CUSHION BOOTSGROMMETS

ANTI-VIBRATIONS

O-RING


Comparison of RM cost for ICE vs. BEV

Part Weigth (g) Kind of RubberRM cost (� / car)

ICE BEVwind shield & weather strip 4,300 EPDM 390

Brake 250 EPDM 30

Air condition hose 220EPDM , FKM

Polyamide 70

Grommet 410 EPDM 35

Wiper Blade 75 NR 10

O-Ring & Seal 120 NBR, EPDM 60

Brake 260 EPDM 35

Body Cushion 300 NR 30

Boot 1,000 EPDM, CR 130

Strut 2,000 NR 200

other rubber 200 NR, EPDM 20

Belt 400 CR/HNBR 60

Fuel hose 960 FKM, ECO, CSM 200

Power steering hose 900 FKM, CSM, CR 500

Air intake hose 500 ACM, ECO 175

Turbo charger 500 FKM/Silicone 300

Radiator hose 500 EPDM 100

Oil seal & gasket 240 NBR/FKM 240

Engine mount 410 NR/CR 40

Engine Cushion 515 NR 80

Total 2,705 1,010

ICE car consists of rubber part for 14 kg approximately (not including tires).

BEV has no combustion engine and fuel system. So, rubber part around an engine, fuel transferring system and fuel tank are not necessary.

Discarding rubber part in engine and fuel system, 70% of rubber part still be remained.

However, those parts that disappear are the high performance rubber parts which always challenge technical development in rubber. These rubber parts are high value products for improvement of engine performance, bio-fuel and environmental regulations

ICE BEV

Total weight of rubber part in car

wind shield & weather strip Cooling system

Brake Grommet

Wiper Blade Suspension

Anti-Vibration Others rubber

Engine Fuel system

30% Reduced

14 KGs


• Oil and high temperature resistant materials will decrease in usage in BEV.

• Inflammable and high voltage resistant materials will be required for the part that connect to electrical equipment, motor and battery in BEV.

• Heat generated in motor and battery storage area is less than ICE, rubber part is probably replaced by new composite materials in plastic and rubber. “TPV” is a new challenging materials will be using more in those areas.

Materials


Green Tires


Concept Tires


Goodyear’s Round shaped Tirefor EV


No Flat Tire No need to carry spareLow rolling-resistanceRecyclable flexible materialsApplicable to heavy duty tires


tough materials of Polyurethane and glass reinforced are used

Michelin X Tweel


Generate electric for EVBy converting friction heat of tire and road and tire flex into electric It can also collect heat from sun in hot air to generate electric when car is not running.



www.elastomer-polymer.com