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basics ofDigital photography
03/02/15
Fahad Golra, discussing the fundamental concepts of photography
03/02/15
basics ofdigital photography
Welcome !!!
Note: This course is inspired from the photography lectures by John Greengo
03/02/15
workshop
introduction
program Photography Gear:The Camera Fundamentals
Photography Gear:The Lens Exposure
Focus
Light
Editing
Composition
Practical Session
Practical Session
Exposition
03/02/15
recap
recap
aperture
Large aperture
More Light
Shallow DOF (background blur)
Small aperture
Less Light
Deep DOF (background sharp)
03/02/15
recap
recap
shutter speed
Faster speed
Less light
Freeze action
Slower speed
More light
Motion Blur
Image Source: http://azphotojournal.com/?p=1895
03/02/15
recap
recap
ISO
Low ISO
Capture Less Light
Less Noise
High ISO
Capture More Light
More Noise
Image Source: https://photographylife.com/what-is-iso-in-photography
03/02/15
human
gear: the lens
vision
Retina
CentralRetina
Fovea
Retina 150°Central Retina 50°
Fovea 1°
5mm38mm
2500mm
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Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
46°
43mm
28mm
50mm
35mmImage Source: http://www.powpowpictures.com/2011/05/nikon-50mm-f1-8-recommended-lens-for-any-slr-user/
03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
62°
43mm
28mm
35mm
24mmImage Source: http://www.citysnaps.net/blog/2012/06/25/why-a-35mm-lens/
03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
normal lens
46°• Angle of view is close to human eye
• A standard perspective
• Suits for street photography
62°
50mm
35mm
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Angle of view
gear: the lens
Wide lens
84°• A subject is shown with its environment
• Subjects in the front appear larger (distortion)
• Good for confined spaces
• Hard to get shallow DOF
• Special care needed if used with people108°
24mm
16mm
03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Telephoto lens100mm
100mm - Short Telephoto200mm - Medium Telephoto40mm - Super Telephoto
200mm
03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Telephoto lens
6°
43mm
28mm
500mm
312mm Photo: Owais ur Rehman Shah
03/02/15
Angle of view
gear: the lens
Telephoto lens
84° • Has a very good reach
• Good for shallow DOF (blur backgrounds)
• Background area in the image is minimized
• Compresses foreground and background subjects108°
24mm
16mm
03/02/15
what is
gear: the lens
zoom?
zoom values are normally specified as nX e.g. 2X, 5X, 20X
Ratio between the widest and the narrowest focal length
03/02/15
types of
gear: the lens
lens
Offer variable focal lengths
Offer fixed focal length
Zoom lens Prime lens
Nikon 18-55 f/3.5-5.6 Nikon 35 f/1.8
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usual
gear: the lens
focal lengths
14-200Landscape, Nature
14-85Architecture
24-200Travel, Event
50-200Portrait, Studio
85-600Sports,WildLife
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lens
gear: the lens
maximum aperture
f / 3.5 - 5.6
Two maximum apertures
Nikon 18-55 f/3.5-5.6
f / 3.5 at 18mmf / 5.6 at 55mm
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what is
exposure part 1
depth of field?
Range of distance that appears in focus
Subject Distance
Depth of Field
BlurRegion
BlurRegion
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how to control
exposure part 1
depth of field?
Large aperture
Shallow DOF
Small aperture
Deep DOF
We already studied that aperture affects DOF !!!
03/02/15
how to control
exposure part 1
depth of field?
Mainly two things control DOF
Aperture Larger aperture means
shallow DOF
Focal Length Larger focal length means
shallow DOF
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how to control
exposure part 1
depth of field?
Lets re-visit the focal length examples
Aperture: f/5.6Shutter speed: 1/160ISO: 800
Following settings stay constant in all the photographs
03/02/15exposure part 1
Compressionfrom focal length
Focal length changes the background perspective & DOF
What else?
Compression of the background
03/02/15exposure part 1
summaryfocal length
Focal Length mainly affects
• Viewing angle• Background perspective• Depth of Field• Compression
03/02/15exposure part 1
summarydepth of field
Depth of field is controlled by
• Aperture• Focal Length
&• Shooting Distance
03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
processWhy choose a specific aperture?
2216118
5.64.02.82.01.4
Deep DOF
Shallow DOF
Maximize Sharpness
Less Light
More Light
03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process
Why choose a specific shutter speed?
Freeze Motion
Blur Motion
Less Light
More Light
80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process
Why choose a specific shutter speed?
Freeze Motion
Blur Motion
Less Light
More Light
80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process
Sunny 16 Ruleif in full sun, the exposure is
f/16 &
Shutter Speed = ISO
03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
process 80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
2216118
5.64.02.82.01.4
3250
100200400800
1,6003,2006,400
12,80025,60051,200
03/02/15
Lost1 stop
photographic
exposure part 1
process 80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”
15”30”
2216118
5.64.02.82.01.4
3250
100200400800
1,6003,2006,400
12,80025,60051,200
Gained5 stops
Lost4 stops
03/02/15
photographic
exposure part 1
processWhat is your subject?
Static Moving
FreezeMotion
BlurMotion
MaximumDOF
ShallowDOF
MaximumSharpness