NLLC 2011: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas

LANL Proto Team: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas NLLC 2011, LANL, New Mexico, 6th October 2011

Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas

Robert Sanderson rsanderson@lanl.gov Los Alamos National Laboratory

Herbert Van de Sompel herbertv@lanl.gov Los Alamos National Laboratory

With thanks to our collaborators: •  Benjamin Albritton, at Stanford •  Tim Cole, at UIUC •  Jane Hunter, at Queensland •  Michael L Nelson, at Old Dominion •  Many others!

This research is funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the Library of Congress.

Overview … for the Web

•  Memento •  Time Travel for the Web •  Uses

•  Open Annotation •  Interoperable Annotation for the Web •  Use Case: SharedCanvas

•  SharedCanvas •  Distributed Digital Facsimiles for the Web •  Uses

Memento: Time Travel for the Web

Memento wants to make it Easy

to Navigate the Web of the Past

Website: http://www.mementoweb.org/

Tate Online Today

Select Date March 16 2008

Tate Online March 16 2008

From UK National Archives

Old Versions of Web Pages Exist …

http://www.cnn.com/ at 2001-09-11: From the Internet Archive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks at 2001-12-20: From the Wikipedia history

… But are not Integrated with the Web

•  We note three issues:

•  Cannot talk about a resource as it used to exist

•  Cannot navigate to a prior version of a resource, knowing its current version

•  Cannot navigate to the current version of a resource, knowing a prior version

Memento Framework

•  Memento:

•  Introduces a uniform version mechanism to the Web: Time

•  Does not build new archives, but leverages all existing ones

•  Is based on the Architecture of the World Wide Web: resources, representations and links

Original Resources and Mementos

TimeGate: A Bridge from the Present to the Past

Memento Framework in Practice

Memento Uses: Browsing with MementoFox

Get it from: http://bit.ly/memfox

Firefox 3.6+ 4000 downloads 400 daily users

Memento Uses: Time Series Analysis

Historical data retrieved via Memento from DBPedia archive

Memento Uses: Archiving Extent for Scholarship

•  72% in archives and/or still exist

•  High proportion of archived URLs, possibly due to academic level and general disciplines

•  78% in archives and/or still exist

•  45% still exist, but not archived! Possibly due to high value, but very discipline specific references

Web-Centric Annotation: No Persistence

Google Sidewiki Annotation on http://news.bbc.co.uk/ as of 2010-06-14

Web-Centric Annotation: No Annotations

Archived page from: http://www.dracos.co.uk/work/bbc-news-archive/2010/03/08/07.05.html

Web-Centric Annotation: Cross-Linking via Memento

Scholarly Communication and Annotation

Scholarly Communication is increasingly: •  Online •  Open •  Distributed •  Collaborative •  Data-Oriented

Annotation is a scholarly primitive, spanning discipline and level. Need to ensure that Digital Annotations fall under these headings!

•  Apply the standards and architecture of the World Wide Web to the Annotation use case. •  Even if scholar doesn’t share annotations with others, she will want to access them from different tools and environments.

Open Annotation

•  Website: http://www.openannotation.org/

•  Focus on interoperable sharing of annotations •  Web-centric and open, not locked down silos •  Create, consume and interact in different environments •  Build from a simple model for simple cases, to more detailed for complex scholarly annotation requirements

•  Status: Beta, with 9 ongoing funded experiments to inform 1.0

Basic Model

The basic model has three resources: •  Annotation (an RDF document) •  Body (the ‘comment’ of the annotation) •  Target (the resource the Body is ‘about’)

Basic Model Example

Segments of Resources

Most annotations are about part of a resource

Different segments for different media types:

•  Text: paragraph, arbitrary span of words •  Image: rectangular or arbitrary shaped area •  Audio: start and end time points, track name/number •  Video: area and time points •  Other: slice of a data set, volume in a 3d object, …

Constraints

•  Introduce a Constraint that describes the segment of interest •  And a ConstrainedTarget that identifies the segment of interest •  Constraints are resources, so can be expressive and detailed

Constraint Example

Annotation Protocols

Protocol: publish, subscribe, consume tied together

Unlike previous systems, Open Annotation does not mandate a protocol.

No reliance on a client/server combination gives the client autonomy.

Instead we promote a publish/subscribe methodology, where annotations may be stored and consumed from anywhere.

Publish/Subscribe Method

publish

We don’t specify how this transfer should occur

publish subscribe

Nor this.

publish subscribe consume

Nor this.

Open Annotation Usage: SharedCanvas

http://www.shared-canvas.org/

Digital surrogates for digitized documents: •  Initial use case: Medieval Manuscripts

A collaborative future: •  Rich landscape of interconnected

repositories, with seamless user interfaces

We need: •  Shared description to act as input to

shared viewing environments

BNF f.fr 113, folio 1 recto

Naïve Approach: Transcribe Images Directly

Align multiple images, pages without images, fragments of pages… ?!

Canvas Paradigm

A Canvas is an empty space in which to build up a display •  HTML5, SVG, PDF, … even Powerpoint! •  Can "paint" many different resources, including text, images and audio, on to a Canvas

We can use a Canvas to represent a page of a manuscript.

Distributed nature is fundamental in the requirements •  Idea: Use Annotations to paint resources and comments •  Annotations target the Canvas instead of the Images

Canvas to Page Relationship

The Canvas's top left and bottom right corners correspond to the corners of the page

Annotate Image to Canvas

We can paint the canvas by annotating it with resources.

Annotate Text to Canvas Segment

Annotate Choice of Image

Annotate Many Texts

SharedCanvas: Implementation

Annotate Audio Resources

SharedCanvas: Implementation

SharedCanvas: Distributed Transcription …

… of Lab Notebooks and Dissertations?

Summary

SharedCanvas brings primary research objects to the desktop in a powerful, extensible and interoperable fashion

Memento wants to make it Easy to Navigate the Web of the Past

Open Annotation enables sharing Annotations between users, tools and environments.

Thank You!

Me: Robert Sanderson rsanderson@lanl.gov azaroth42@gmail.com @azaroth42

Memento: Web: http://www.mementoweb.org/

Open Annotation: Web: http://www.openannotation.org/

SharedCanvas: Web: http://www.shared-canvas.org/

These Slides: http://slidesha.re/…

NLLC 2011: Memento, Open Annotation, SharedCanvas

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