Bioethanol Production from Leucaena leucocephala Seeds

Bioethanol Production from Leucaena leucocephala Seeds

atikzufar@siswa.um.edu.my

Candidature Defence29th December 2016 University Malaya

Name : Atik Zufar bin Haji Mohd RazakiMatrix No : SGF150008Supervisor : Dr. Zul Ilham bin Zulkiflee Lubes

Bioethanol

Renewable fuel

Produced from edible biomass (Sugar cane etc.)

Conversion of sugar into ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast)

ShrubsFermentation

Figure 1: Chemical equation for fermentation

+ CO2

Problem Statement

Fuel vs food demand (Edible biomass). High demand for fuel ethanol could be unsustainable.

(Hahn-Hägerdal et al, 2006)

- Non-edible biomass. - Lead; ipil ipil; lamtoro; Petai Belalang

- Quick growing, Short rotation,

no fertilization needed

- Limited information on bioconversion of monosugars from seed of Leucaena leucocephala into bioethanol.

Leucaena leucocephala

Tree

SeedsPod

Bushy- 2 years

Leucaena leucocephala

Peru Type – 1 year Plantation Giant - 8 months

Wood

Objectives

To determine the optimum parameters for the fermentation of anhydrous glucose with yeast.

To convert carbohydrate, cellulose and glucose from Leucaena leucocephala seeds to bioethanol using optimized conditions.

To detect the presence of bioethanol from Leucaena leucocephala seeds by using GCMS headspace.

To calculate the percentage yield of bioethanol.

Overall ProcedureAutoclave

Optimization

Fermentation

Filtration

Distillation

Analysis by GCMS Headspace

Days Amount of Glucose

Amount of Yeast pH

Cellulose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala

seeds, (CLLS)

Leucaena leucocephala seeds, (LLS)

Glucose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala

seeds, (GLLS)

GCMS Headspace

Detect the presence of the ethanol in the term of qualitative.

Involved two separating column in order to change retention of ethanol and other volatiles after injection of sample.

(Tiscione et al, 2011)

Data Analysis

Figure 2: Retention time of ethanol for the optimized day

Calculation

Optimization of Day 3

Mass of glucose = 6.02 gMolar mass of glucose = 180.18 g mol-1

n = 0.03 mol Molar mass of ethanol = 46.08 g mol-1

Theoretical mass = 2.76 gActual mass = 0.13 g

Yield of Ethanol = Actual mass x 100 Theoretical mass = 4.71 %

C6H12O6 2 CH3CH2OH + CO2Fermentation

Data Collection

Optimization of Parameters Yield of Ethanol, %

Days

1 1.453 4.718 4.35

10 2.54

Amount of Glucose, g

10 0.3615 0.9520 3.2530 2.36

Data Collection

Yield of Ethanol,

%

Period of Time Taken, day

Figure 3: Yield of ethanol for optimization of days

Data Collection

Optimization of Parameters Yield of Ethanol, %

Amount of Yeast, g

1 5.92 2 4.143 6.804 0.89 5 0.79

pH Range

4.0 – 4.6 1.876.0 – 6.6 1.587.0 – 7.6 1.78

Data Collection

Sample Optimized Day

Optimized Amount of Glucose, g

Optimized Amount of

Yeast, g

Optimized pH Range

Yield of Ethanol, %

CLLS3 20 3 4.0 – 4.6

0.07LLS 0.08

GLLS

Data Analysis

Figure 4: Yield of ethanol from cellulose and seeds of Leucaena leucocephala

Discussion

Pure ethanol had successfully obtained from distillation process at 78°C – 80°C.

GCMS headspace had successfully identified ethanol in each parameter.

Problem in controlling temperature during distillation.

Plan for Future Works

To convert cellulose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala seeds into glucose.

To convert glucose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala seeds into bioethanol by using optimized conditions.

To detect presence of ethanol from GLLS by using GCMS headspace.

To calculate yield of ethanol from GLLS.

Conclusion

Leucaena leucocephala seeds could be potentially replace edible biomass in production of ethanol

References

Hahn-Hägerdal, B., Galbe, M., Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F., Lidén, G., & Zacchi, G. (2006). Bio-ethanol–the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of today.Trends in biotechnology, 24(12), 549-556.

Tiscione, N. B., Alford, I., Yeatman, D. T., & Shan, X. (2011). Ethanol analysis by headspace gas chromatography with simultaneous flame-ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Journal of analytical toxicology,35(7), 501-511.

Thank you