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Bioethanol Production from Leucaena leucocephala Seeds
Candidature Defence29th December 2016 University Malaya
Name : Atik Zufar bin Haji Mohd RazakiMatrix No : SGF150008Supervisor : Dr. Zul Ilham bin Zulkiflee Lubes
Bioethanol
Renewable fuel
Produced from edible biomass (Sugar cane etc.)
Conversion of sugar into ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast)
ShrubsFermentation
Figure 1: Chemical equation for fermentation
+ CO2
Problem Statement
Fuel vs food demand (Edible biomass). High demand for fuel ethanol could be unsustainable.
(Hahn-Hägerdal et al, 2006)
- Non-edible biomass. - Lead; ipil ipil; lamtoro; Petai Belalang
- Quick growing, Short rotation,
no fertilization needed
- Limited information on bioconversion of monosugars from seed of Leucaena leucocephala into bioethanol.
Leucaena leucocephala
Tree
SeedsPod
Bushy- 2 years
Leucaena leucocephala
Peru Type – 1 year Plantation Giant - 8 months
Wood
Objectives
To determine the optimum parameters for the fermentation of anhydrous glucose with yeast.
To convert carbohydrate, cellulose and glucose from Leucaena leucocephala seeds to bioethanol using optimized conditions.
To detect the presence of bioethanol from Leucaena leucocephala seeds by using GCMS headspace.
To calculate the percentage yield of bioethanol.
Overall ProcedureAutoclave
Optimization
Fermentation
Filtration
Distillation
Analysis by GCMS Headspace
Days Amount of Glucose
Amount of Yeast pH
Cellulose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala
seeds, (CLLS)
Leucaena leucocephala seeds, (LLS)
Glucose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala
seeds, (GLLS)
GCMS Headspace
Detect the presence of the ethanol in the term of qualitative.
Involved two separating column in order to change retention of ethanol and other volatiles after injection of sample.
(Tiscione et al, 2011)
Data Analysis
Figure 2: Retention time of ethanol for the optimized day
Calculation
Optimization of Day 3
Mass of glucose = 6.02 gMolar mass of glucose = 180.18 g mol-1
n = 0.03 mol Molar mass of ethanol = 46.08 g mol-1
Theoretical mass = 2.76 gActual mass = 0.13 g
Yield of Ethanol = Actual mass x 100 Theoretical mass = 4.71 %
C6H12O6 2 CH3CH2OH + CO2Fermentation
Data Collection
Optimization of Parameters Yield of Ethanol, %
Days
1 1.453 4.718 4.35
10 2.54
Amount of Glucose, g
10 0.3615 0.9520 3.2530 2.36
Data Collection
Yield of Ethanol,
%
Period of Time Taken, day
Figure 3: Yield of ethanol for optimization of days
Data Collection
Optimization of Parameters Yield of Ethanol, %
Amount of Yeast, g
1 5.92 2 4.143 6.804 0.89 5 0.79
pH Range
4.0 – 4.6 1.876.0 – 6.6 1.587.0 – 7.6 1.78
Data Collection
Sample Optimized Day
Optimized Amount of Glucose, g
Optimized Amount of
Yeast, g
Optimized pH Range
Yield of Ethanol, %
CLLS3 20 3 4.0 – 4.6
0.07LLS 0.08
GLLS
Data Analysis
Figure 4: Yield of ethanol from cellulose and seeds of Leucaena leucocephala
Discussion
Pure ethanol had successfully obtained from distillation process at 78°C – 80°C.
GCMS headspace had successfully identified ethanol in each parameter.
Problem in controlling temperature during distillation.
Plan for Future Works
To convert cellulose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala seeds into glucose.
To convert glucose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala seeds into bioethanol by using optimized conditions.
To detect presence of ethanol from GLLS by using GCMS headspace.
To calculate yield of ethanol from GLLS.
Conclusion
Leucaena leucocephala seeds could be potentially replace edible biomass in production of ethanol
References
Hahn-Hägerdal, B., Galbe, M., Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F., Lidén, G., & Zacchi, G. (2006). Bio-ethanol–the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of today.Trends in biotechnology, 24(12), 549-556.
Tiscione, N. B., Alford, I., Yeatman, D. T., & Shan, X. (2011). Ethanol analysis by headspace gas chromatography with simultaneous flame-ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Journal of analytical toxicology,35(7), 501-511.
Thank you
