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Fascism, Nazism, Fascism, Nazism, Militarism, and the March Militarism, and the March
Towards WarTowards War
World positions World positions Aggression and Aggression and
Appeasement Appeasement
FascismFascism
Nationalistic, Authoritarian Nationalistic, Authoritarian Benito Mussolini started in Italy in 1919Benito Mussolini started in Italy in 1919 Supremacy of nation and leaderSupremacy of nation and leader Authoritarian rulers Authoritarian rulers No set ideologyNo set ideology Use of secret police to enforce their rule Use of secret police to enforce their rule
Terror a major political tactic Terror a major political tactic
Economics Leads to Control Economics Leads to Control
In Italy, Germany, and Japan leaders use In Italy, Germany, and Japan leaders use the great depression as a way to gain the great depression as a way to gain control LEGALLY!control LEGALLY! Germans gave Hitler power to stand up to Germans gave Hitler power to stand up to
communistscommunists King of Italy gave Mussolini power to try and King of Italy gave Mussolini power to try and
appease the working class and maintain the appease the working class and maintain the monarchymonarchy
Japanese parliament severely limited with no Japanese parliament severely limited with no civilian control of the military. Military uses civilian control of the military. Military uses Emperor to gain control Emperor to gain control
Beginnings of AggressionBeginnings of Aggression
Japan invades Japan invades Manchuria Manchuria
League of Nations League of Nations too weak to impose too weak to impose any real threatany real threat
Japan leaves the Japan leaves the League League
Mussolini and Imperialism Mussolini and Imperialism
Invades Ethiopia Invades Ethiopia Wants to return to Imperialism Wants to return to Imperialism Ethiopian Emperor appeals to League Ethiopian Emperor appeals to League
of Nations of Nations Condemn the attacks Condemn the attacks British still allow supplies through the British still allow supplies through the
Suez Suez Europe trying to avoid war at home Europe trying to avoid war at home
Hitler Hitler
Creates a larger army than that Creates a larger army than that allowed by the Treaty of Versailles allowed by the Treaty of Versailles League mildly objects League mildly objects The posters in Germany that said The posters in Germany that said
“Today Germany! Tomorrow the World!” “Today Germany! Tomorrow the World!” should have been a significant clueshould have been a significant clue
Europe is war weary and trying to get Europe is war weary and trying to get through the depression and does not through the depression and does not want to start another conflict want to start another conflict
Hitler on the March Hitler on the March
Germany marches into the RhinelandGermany marches into the Rhineland Buffer Zone between France and GermanyBuffer Zone between France and Germany Industrial areaIndustrial area
Appeasement the talk of the day Appeasement the talk of the day Do not want another warDo not want another war Later Hitler admits he would have backed Later Hitler admits he would have backed
down had France and Britain challenged down had France and Britain challenged this move this move
Axis PowersAxis Powers
Mussolini sees the weakness of Mussolini sees the weakness of Europe and forms an alliance with Europe and forms an alliance with Hitler Hitler
Japan allies itself with Germany one Japan allies itself with Germany one month later month later
Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War
Germany and Italy see this as an Germany and Italy see this as an opportunity to spread Fascism opportunity to spread Fascism
General Francisco Franco leads the General Francisco Franco leads the Fascist revolt against the young Fascist revolt against the young republicrepublic Hitler and Mussolini send troops and Hitler and Mussolini send troops and
supplies to help the causesupplies to help the cause The rest of Europe stays out of the The rest of Europe stays out of the
conflict and Franco wins the war conflict and Franco wins the war
So where is everyone So where is everyone anyway?anyway?
Why didn’t Europe catch the warning Why didn’t Europe catch the warning signs? Why didn’t the United States signs? Why didn’t the United States get involved?get involved?
US is stuck in a period of isolationism US is stuck in a period of isolationism Do not want to get involved in another Do not want to get involved in another
costly European conflict costly European conflict Neutrality Acts ban loans and the sale of Neutrality Acts ban loans and the sale of
arms to any nation at war arms to any nation at war
And Europe?And Europe?
Too busy cleaning up the mess from Too busy cleaning up the mess from WWI to truly pay close attention WWI to truly pay close attention
Dealing with their own internal Dealing with their own internal problems from the Great Depression problems from the Great Depression
Why start another war if Hitler just Why start another war if Hitler just wants a little more room? wants a little more room?
ActivityActivity
Read Western Democracies Fail to Halt Read Western Democracies Fail to Halt Aggression pgs 434-435Aggression pgs 434-435
You are an advisor to a European You are an advisor to a European Democracy and you do not believe in Democracy and you do not believe in appeasement as a viable strategy. Try and appeasement as a viable strategy. Try and persuade other world leaders to stand firm persuade other world leaders to stand firm and denounce Hitler and Mussolini’s and denounce Hitler and Mussolini’s aggression with strong action. Use evidence aggression with strong action. Use evidence to support your claim that action now could to support your claim that action now could prevent a larger war.prevent a larger war.
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