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IMPERIALISM:IMPERIALISM: AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE
(1890-1914) (1890-1914)
Imperialism - stronger nations Imperialism - stronger nations control weaker nationscontrol weaker nations
many European nations had colonies◦U.S. did not
3 factors accounted for U.S. to become 3 factors accounted for U.S. to become imperialisticimperialistic
Prestige◦Compete with Europe for colonies,
New markets, navy basesAlfred Mahan
Racial superiority◦““the white man’s burden”the white man’s burden”◦spread Christianity◦civilize the world
Factors Against ImperialismFactors Against Imperialismplenty to do at homeunethical to govern people against their willour own history (Revolutionary War)
1867 – Alaska, 1st colony1867 – Alaska, 1st colony
purchased from Russia for $7.2 million by Sec. of State William Seward
became known as “Seward’s Folly”◦ gold/oil discovered◦ 1959 - 49th state
1898 – Hawaii1898 – Hawaii
American settlers built sugar/pineapple plantations
Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani
stop American influence/growth
“Hawaii for Hawaiians
1893 - overthrown1898 HI annexed as
U.S. colony1959 - 50th State
Samoa-1899Samoa-1899
refueling/rest stop on way to Australia
U.S. promised to protect Samoa from European control
eventually shared with Germany
Answer Political Cartoon Answer Political Cartoon Questions on Pg. ____Questions on Pg. ____ Who do the people in the cartoon
represent? Is one of the people a symbol for
something else? Who or what? What is the Bill of Fare or menu in
the restaurant? What seems to be Uncle Sam’s
attitude towards the offerings on the menu
?
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WARWAR18981898
“The Splendid Little War”
U.S. had always wanted Cuba as a colony
- sugar industryCuban rebels, led by Jose Marti,
rebelled against Spanish rule◦Spain retaliated harshly to rebellion, hundreds of thousands of Cubans are put in concentration camps, many die
““yellow journalism”yellow journalism”pushed us towards war with SpainExaggerated, fabricated stories to sell
newspapersWilliam R. Hearst told Frederick Remington
“you furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.”
PulitzerHearst
Two events caused U.S. to declare Two events caused U.S. to declare war on Spainwar on SpainDeLome letter
◦Spanish ambassador called President McKinley weak in a private letter that was published in the paper
Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana harbor◦260 Americans killed◦press blamed Spain, but still a mystery how it
happened◦“Remember the Maine”
April, 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain
War was fought in two areas War was fought in two areas of the worldof the world
Philippine Islands
Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo◦helped U.S. capture Manila and win in the Philippines
2. Caribbean2. Caribbean
CUBA ◦more difficult to capture
◦showed how unprepared U.S. was for this war
5000 Americans die from disease◦400 in combat
Rough RidersRough Riders
Volunteer calvaryLed by T.
Roosevelt
San Juan HillSan Juan Hill
attacked by Teddy Roosevelt◦leading the Rough Riderscavalry formed in San Antonio
Quick victorywar ends Aug. 12,
1898
Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898
Spain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam, Spain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cubaand Cuba
The U. S. paid SpainThe U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for the Philippines.$20 mil. for the Philippines.
The U. S. becomesThe U. S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!
Colonial PowerColonial Power
CubaPlatt Amendment
U.S. had the right to intervene in Cuban affairs to protect U.S. business interests
forced Cuba to lease harbors to U.S. Navy, 1902 Cuba - independent but a U.S.
protectorate
Puerto Rico◦ remained American possession
1917 - people became U.S. citizens
Philippine IslandsPhilippine Islands
a base for U.S. business and military interests in the Asian-Pacific region.
Emilio Aguinaldo ◦felt betrayed by U.S.◦leads rebellion against U.S. that lasted 3 years
Philippine InsurrectionPhilippine Insurrection
ended in 1902 when Aguinaldo was captured
given independence in 1946
What role does the U.S. play?Answer the Answer the questions on pg. questions on pg. 15 L15 L
WHAT IS GOING ON IN THIS CARTOON? IS THIS A PRO, ANTI OR NEUTRAL STATEMENT ON US IMPERIALISM?
Analyzing CartoonsWhat is the general subject of the cartoon?Who are the characters in the cartoon? Who/What do they represent?What symbols are used? What do they represent?What outside information do you know about this subject?What is the cartoonist’s message?
ChinaChina
Spheres of Influence
foreign nations control areas of China
Open Door Policy”◦all nations should have equal trading rights in China
- meant to increase U.S. trade interests
1900 - Boxer Rebellion1900 - Boxer Rebellion Chinese patriots
demand all foreigners leave China
ended when foreign powers sent additional forces
America as a world powerAmerica as a world power TR shows the
world that U.S. is a world power
Sent US Fleet (Great White) around the world (1907) - show strength
JapanJapan
1853 U.S. opened Japan to world trade
By 1904 had become a powerful industrialized nation
Russo-Japan War-1904 Japan wants fill need for natural resources, wanted Manchuria
Japan very successful in this war
Roosevelt mediated an end to the war, wins Nobel Peace Prize
Japan resented the agreement
unhappy with U.S.Roosevelt feared
Japan would become too strong and lead to eventual confrontation with U.S.
Panama CanalPanama Canal
American dream since Calif. Gold Rush of 1849
reduce shipping distance between E and W coast
impact speed, cost of international trade
needed permission from Colombia to allow building
Roosevelt inspired Panama to revolt from Colombia
construction lasted 10 years (1914)
5600 died from disease (malaria, yellow fever)
Panama CanalPanama Canal
Under Construction Under Construction dug through swamps, jungles, mountainsdug through swamps, jungles, mountains
Latin America:Latin America:two different approachestwo different approachesU.S. = Policeman in Latin AmericaRoosevelt’s “Speak softly but carry a
Big Stick” policy◦used military to back up negotiations
Roosevelt Corollary◦U.S. had the right to use military force to protect its interests in Latin America
◦Added to Monroe Doctrine
eventually U.S. sends troops into several countries
Latin America did not appreciate this
Taft’sTaft’s “ “Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy””
urged U.S. business to invest in Latin American economies
loans, investments rarely paid back
Intervention in MexicoIntervention in Mexico1911-19161911-1916
revolutions eventually involve U.S.
1915-1916, Francisco “Pancho” Villa leads revolution ◦tries to get U.S. involved
◦attacks American towns, businesses
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