IMPERIALISM:IMPERIALISM: AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

(1890-1914) (1890-1914)

Imperialism - stronger nations Imperialism - stronger nations control weaker nationscontrol weaker nations

many European nations had colonies◦U.S. did not

3 factors accounted for U.S. to become 3 factors accounted for U.S. to become imperialisticimperialistic

Prestige◦Compete with Europe for colonies,

New markets, navy basesAlfred Mahan

Racial superiority◦““the white man’s burden”the white man’s burden”◦spread Christianity◦civilize the world

Factors Against ImperialismFactors Against Imperialismplenty to do at homeunethical to govern people against their willour own history (Revolutionary War)

1867 – Alaska, 1st colony1867 – Alaska, 1st colony

purchased from Russia for $7.2 million by Sec. of State William Seward

became known as “Seward’s Folly”◦ gold/oil discovered◦ 1959 - 49th state

1898 – Hawaii1898 – Hawaii

American settlers built sugar/pineapple plantations

Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani

stop American influence/growth

“Hawaii for Hawaiians

1893 - overthrown1898 HI annexed as

U.S. colony1959 - 50th State

Samoa-1899Samoa-1899

refueling/rest stop on way to Australia

U.S. promised to protect Samoa from European control

eventually shared with Germany

Answer Political Cartoon Answer Political Cartoon Questions on Pg. ____Questions on Pg. ____ Who do the people in the cartoon

represent? Is one of the people a symbol for

something else? Who or what? What is the Bill of Fare or menu in

the restaurant? What seems to be Uncle Sam’s

attitude towards the offerings on the menu

?

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WARWAR18981898

“The Splendid Little War”

U.S. had always wanted Cuba as a colony

- sugar industryCuban rebels, led by Jose Marti,

rebelled against Spanish rule◦Spain retaliated harshly to rebellion, hundreds of thousands of Cubans are put in concentration camps, many die

““yellow journalism”yellow journalism”pushed us towards war with SpainExaggerated, fabricated stories to sell

newspapersWilliam R. Hearst told Frederick Remington

“you furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.”

PulitzerHearst

Two events caused U.S. to declare Two events caused U.S. to declare war on Spainwar on SpainDeLome letter

◦Spanish ambassador called President McKinley weak in a private letter that was published in the paper

Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana harbor◦260 Americans killed◦press blamed Spain, but still a mystery how it

happened◦“Remember the Maine”

April, 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain

War was fought in two areas War was fought in two areas of the worldof the world

Philippine Islands

Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo◦helped U.S. capture Manila and win in the Philippines

2. Caribbean2. Caribbean

CUBA ◦more difficult to capture

◦showed how unprepared U.S. was for this war

5000 Americans die from disease◦400 in combat

Rough RidersRough Riders

Volunteer calvaryLed by T.

Roosevelt

San Juan HillSan Juan Hill

attacked by Teddy Roosevelt◦leading the Rough Riderscavalry formed in San Antonio

Quick victorywar ends Aug. 12,

1898

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898

Spain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam, Spain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cubaand Cuba

The U. S. paid SpainThe U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for the Philippines.$20 mil. for the Philippines.

The U. S. becomesThe U. S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!

Colonial PowerColonial Power

CubaPlatt Amendment

U.S. had the right to intervene in Cuban affairs to protect U.S. business interests

forced Cuba to lease harbors to U.S. Navy, 1902 Cuba - independent but a U.S.

protectorate

Puerto Rico◦ remained American possession

1917 - people became U.S. citizens

Philippine IslandsPhilippine Islands

a base for U.S. business and military interests in the Asian-Pacific region.

Emilio Aguinaldo ◦felt betrayed by U.S.◦leads rebellion against U.S. that lasted 3 years

Philippine InsurrectionPhilippine Insurrection

ended in 1902 when Aguinaldo was captured

given independence in 1946

What role does the U.S. play?Answer the Answer the questions on pg. questions on pg. 15 L15 L

WHAT IS GOING ON IN THIS CARTOON? IS THIS A PRO, ANTI OR NEUTRAL STATEMENT ON US IMPERIALISM?

Analyzing CartoonsWhat is the general subject of the cartoon?Who are the characters in the cartoon? Who/What do they represent?What symbols are used? What do they represent?What outside information do you know about this subject?What is the cartoonist’s message?

ChinaChina

Spheres of Influence

foreign nations control areas of China

Open Door Policy”◦all nations should have equal trading rights in China

- meant to increase U.S. trade interests

1900 - Boxer Rebellion1900 - Boxer Rebellion Chinese patriots

demand all foreigners leave China

ended when foreign powers sent additional forces

America as a world powerAmerica as a world power TR shows the

world that U.S. is a world power

Sent US Fleet (Great White) around the world (1907) - show strength

JapanJapan

1853 U.S. opened Japan to world trade

By 1904 had become a powerful industrialized nation

Russo-Japan War-1904 Japan wants fill need for natural resources, wanted Manchuria

Japan very successful in this war

Roosevelt mediated an end to the war, wins Nobel Peace Prize

Japan resented the agreement

unhappy with U.S.Roosevelt feared

Japan would become too strong and lead to eventual confrontation with U.S.

Panama CanalPanama Canal

American dream since Calif. Gold Rush of 1849

reduce shipping distance between E and W coast

impact speed, cost of international trade

needed permission from Colombia to allow building

Roosevelt inspired Panama to revolt from Colombia

construction lasted 10 years (1914)

5600 died from disease (malaria, yellow fever)

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Under Construction Under Construction dug through swamps, jungles, mountainsdug through swamps, jungles, mountains

Latin America:Latin America:two different approachestwo different approachesU.S. = Policeman in Latin AmericaRoosevelt’s “Speak softly but carry a

Big Stick” policy◦used military to back up negotiations

Roosevelt Corollary◦U.S. had the right to use military force to protect its interests in Latin America

◦Added to Monroe Doctrine

eventually U.S. sends troops into several countries

Latin America did not appreciate this

Taft’sTaft’s “ “Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy””

urged U.S. business to invest in Latin American economies

loans, investments rarely paid back

Intervention in MexicoIntervention in Mexico1911-19161911-1916

revolutions eventually involve U.S.

1915-1916, Francisco “Pancho” Villa leads revolution ◦tries to get U.S. involved

◦attacks American towns, businesses