Wk1 History of Special Education

Taunya Hopkins

SPE/514 Survey of Special Populations

November 17, 2014

Professor Imani Akin

8 Major Events

Key Factors

Terminology

Restrictive Environment

Society’s Views

Significance of Event

Overview

(Tangent, LLC, 2014)

Terminology

Segregation & Emotional Impact

Restrictive Environment?

Environment denied

Society’s View

Exclusion is the current presiding rule

Significance

Gateway for Civils Rights Movement in Education

Segregation deemed unconstitutional in schools

Brown v. Board of Education -1954

(Tangent, LLC, 2014)

(Kinshasa, 2006)

Terminology

Mandated v. volunteered

Restrictive Environment?

High restriction still in place

Society’s View

World events drew attention to improving education for all students

Significance

First Federal program to support education for children with disabilities

State funded programs established

Bureau of Education for Handicapped - 1965

(Jeffers, 1993)

Terminology

Due Process Clause & Equal Protection Clause

Restrictive Environment? Access to education still denied by majority

Society’s View Viewpoint that children with disabilities are unable to

learn or fit in with ‘mainstream’ peers

Significance Case finding: placement in regular classroom is

preferable to special education classroom

PARC v. Pennsylvania -1972

(Friend &Bursuck, 2012)

Terminology

Due Process Clause & Sufficient Funds

Restrictive Environment?

Students with disabilities denied public education

Society’s View

Schools chose to deny students based on lack of funding

Significance

Established precedence- schools cannot deny education due to

funding issues

Mills v. D.C. Board of Education - 1972

(Gargiulo, 2012)

Terminology

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

Restrictive Environment?

Students must be placed in the least restrictive environment possible

Society’s View

States v. Federal gov’t disputed over the implementation and extent of rights and services

Significance

Schools receiving federal funding must provide free education for children with disabilities

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) - 1975

Terminology:

CAT (computerized adaptive tests)

Cognitive disorders defined

Restrictive Environment?

Mandate required students with disability participate in state assessments

Society’s View:

Schools did not value students with disabilities because their ability could not be measured academically

Significance

Parents given right to sue if child’s services not met

State assessment allowed to be modified

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)- 1990

(Turnball, 2005)

Terminology

Permanent v. transitory

Restrictive Environment?

Creating accommodations such as wheelchair access

Society’s View

Initial unacceptance of making modifications in society

Significance

Right to attend public school

Protects the rights of all individuals with disabilities

Americans with Disability Act 1990

(Wrightslaw: Special education law, 2004)

Terminology:

Standards-based Education Reform

Restrictive Environment?

The standards test scores are all inclusive, but not necessarily the environment

Society’s View

Schools felt this standards-based requirement unrealistic

Significance

Mandates that ALL students reach proficiency levels in reading and math by 2014

No Child Left Behind- 2001

(Kossar, Mitchem, & Ludlow, 2005)

Summary

8 Major Events

Key Factors

Terminology

Environment

Society’s Views

Significance of Event

(Weebly, n.d.)

Friend, M., & Bursuck, W. (2012). Including students with special needs: A

practical guide for classroom teachers. (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Pearson

Gargiulo, R. M. (2012). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to

exceptionality (4th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook

Collection database

Jeffers, J. T. (1993). An analysis of selected federal court decisions regarding special

education administration: Public policy and principles. (Order No. 9333179,

The University of Alabama at Birmingham). ProQuest Dissertations and

Theses, , 719-719 p. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview

/304046057?accountid=458. (304046057)

References

Kinshasa, K. M. (2006). An appraisal of brown v. board of education, topeka KS.

(1954) and the montgomery bus boycott. Western Journal of Black Studies,

30(4), 16-23. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/

200338638?accountid=458

Kossar, K., Mitchem, K., & Ludlow, B. (2005). No child left behind: A national study

of its impact on special education in rural schools. Rural Special Education

Quarterly, 24(1), 3-8. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/

docview/227212540?accountid=458

References (part II)

Tangent, LLC. (2014). Individuals, groups, & institutions. Retrieved from http://

wccushistory2.wikispaces.com/Individuals,+Groups,+%26+Institutions

Turnbull, H. R. III (2005). Individuals with disabilities education act reauthorization:

Accountability and personal responsibility. Remedial and Special Education, 2

6(6), 320-326. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.

com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/236325852?accountid=458

Weebly. (n.d.). Inclusive classrooms: A tool for teachers. Retrieved from http://tools

forinclusion.weebly.com/

Wrightslaw: Special education law. (2004, Spring). Palaestra, 20, 55. Retrieved from

http://search.proquest.com/docview/213173656?accountid=458

References (part III)