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Imperfects/Irregular Imperfects
Preterites
Irrugular Preterites› Car/Gar/Zar
› Spock Verbs
› Cucaracha› Snake/Snakey
Modal Verbs
Adverbios› Irregular Averbios
Progressives› Present
› Past
Adverbios› Irregular averbios
Progressives› Present
› Past
Future› Irregular Future
Conditional
Deber and Soler
Formal Commands
Superlatives
Prepositions
Demonstratives
Uses› Ongoing past tense action
› Repeated action
› No definite beginning or end
Like a film not just a single snap shot
› Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions
AR ER/IR
- aba Yo - ía
- abas Tú - ías
- aba Usted - ía
- ábamos Nostrosos - íamos
- abais Vostoros - íais
- aban Ustedes - ían
Examples:
Todos los días yo
hablaba
Everyday I talk.
Cuando era una
niña, montaba los
cabollos.
When I was a little
girl, I rode horses.
Only Regular
Imperfect Verbs.
Have the same uses!
3 irregular verbs are ir, ser, and ver.
Ir
• iba
• ibas
• iba
• íbamos
• ibais
• iban
Ser
•era
•eras
•era
•éramos
•erais
•eran
Ver
•veía
•veías
•veía
•veíamos
•veíais
•veían
AR ER/IR
- é Yo - í
- aste Tú - iste
- ó Usted - ió
- amos Nostrosos - imos
- aran Ustedes - ieron
Endings
Uses› Simple happened and its over action; a
definite time in the past› Has a beginign and or ending
› It’s a single snapshot in time
› Example
• The boy fell and broke his leg. It happened at that single point in time.
Tigger words
for Preterite:
Ayer yesterday
A noche at night
El año pasadolast year
La semana
passadoLast week
Ante ayerbefore
yesterday
Rule: A spelling change in only
the first person; this is done to
keep the sound the word is
supposed to have.
toqué tocamos
tocaste _______
tocó tocaron
jugué jugamos
jugaste _______
jugó jugaron
Example TocarTocé - the e sound makes the c soft when it is supposed
to be hard
So we spell it toqué to keep the c hard
Example JugarJugé – the g is soft but should be hard
Jugué - the g is now hard
comencé comenzamos
comenzaste ________
comenzó comenzaron
Tocar
Comenzar
Jugar
di/vi
diste/viste
dio/vio
dimos/vimosdieron/vieron
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fueronhice
hicistehizo
hicmos
hicieron
ANDAR anduv-
ESTAR estuv-
PODER pud-
PONER pus-
QUERER quis-
SABER sup-
TENER tuv-
VENIR vin-
DECIR dij-
TRAER traj-
CONDUCIR conduj-
PRODUCIR produj-
TRADUCIR traduj-
-i
-e
-iste
-o
-imos
-ieron
For “J” verbs, drop the “i”
for the ustedes form
Ex. Traer Trajeron
Snake
Dormir
The “o” changes to
a “u” in third person
Snakey
Leer
The “i” changes to
an “y” in third
person.
Dormí Durmió
Dormiste -------
Durmió Durmieron
Leí Leimos
Leiste --------
Leyó Leyeron
ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
poder + infinitive (are able to do something)
querer + infinitive (want to do something)
deber + infinitive (should do something)
* Conjugate and pair the modal verb with an infinitive to
get a new meaning.
Formed by adding –mente to the female singular form of the adjective› Like adding –ly to adjectives in English
When two adverbs modify the same verb only the second adverb gets -mente added to it. Both adverbs get changed to the feminine form.› El chico el habló clara y cortésmente.
Irregular Averbs:› Mucha –lot
› Muy- very
› Mal- bad
› Bastanto – quite/enough
› Bien-good
› Ya-already
Adjective Feminine Form Adverb
Claro Clara Claramente
Dificil Dificil Dificilmente
Tan-so
Demaslado-tooPeor-worse
Siempre-always
Present
› Present and doing it right now; in the moment Ex. I am talking to my aunt
Formula
Example: Estoyhablando a ti
Past
Estar + -ando -iendo -yendo
Conjugate ar er/ir Double
vowels
Estar -> estoy
Hablar -> drop
the ar then add
ando
Estar + -ando -iendo -yendo
Conjugate
in the
imperfect
ar er/ir Double
vowels
Example: Estaba
hablando a ti
- I was talking to my
aunt
Infinitive +
Decir -> dir –
Hacer -> har –
Poner -> pondr –
Salir -> saldr –
Tener -> tendr –
Valer -> vendr
Poder -> podr
Querer -> querr
Saber -> sabr
Irregulars
-é
-ás
-á
-emos
-éis
-án
-é
-ás-á
-emos
-éis
-án
**Endings are the same for
ar/er/ir verbs
The conditional tense is used to express
probability in the future tense.
To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs
in the conditional, simply add one of the
following to the infinitive:
-ía -íamos
-ías -íais
-ía -ían
Use deber to say what people should so. The conjugated form of deber is followed by an infinitive (what they should be doing)
Examples: Debo barrer el suelo
I should sweep the floor› Debe limpar la cocina
He should take out the trash
Use soler to say you used to do something. Followed by an infinitive
Conjugate it in the past tense form (imperfect or preterite)
Example: Solía ordernarlas flores.
I used to arrange the flowers
debo debemos
debes debéis
debe deben
Remember you can put
a pronoun in front of the
conjugated deber so
attach it to the infinitive
Tenga- Venga- De- Veya- Sea- Haga- Esteé- Sepa-
Aff
ima
tiv
eN
eg
ativ
e
Put the verb into the “yo” form
Change to opposite vowel› -ar verbs change endings to e
› -er/-ir verbs change ending to a
Irregulars: TVDISHES› See below!
*DOP and IOP can attach
to comand
Same as above
*DOP and IOP can not attach
The Most
› el más…
› los “ “
› la “ “
› las “”
The Least
› el menos…
› los “ “
› la “ “
› las “ “
When you want to say that something has the most or the
least of a certain quality.
To use a noun with the superlative form, put it after the
article
example: Luis es el chico más alto.
Luis is the tallest boy
When you use an idea or concept, use the neuter article lo
… or …
Irregulars: el/la mejor(best) el/la poer(worst)el/la
meyor(oldest) el/la menor(youngest)
**Be sure
the
adjectives
matches
the noun in
both
gender
and
number
**
Cerca (de)
-Near
Delante (de)
-Before
A la derecha (de)
-To the right
Detrás (de)
-Behind
Encime (de)
-Above
Entre
-Between
A la izquierda (de)
-To the left
Al lado (de)
-To the side
Lejos (de)
-Far
Abajo
-Below
Arriba
-Up
Debajo (de)
-Below
Dentro (de)
-Inside
Fuera (de)
-Out/Outside
Use de only when a specific
location follows the expression
Eso, esto, aquello are nueter – refer to situations or ideas, not to specific nouns
Accent marks denotes pronoun which takes a place of a noun
All demonstratives always agree in gender and number of the noun it modifies
Comes in front of the noun they modify
SM SF PM PF
THIS Este Esta Estos Estas
THAT Ese Esa Esos Esas
THAT
OVER
YONDER
Aquel Aqualla Aquellos Aquellas
The “t”
is near
me
•Aqui
•Allí
•Allá
FIN
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