Imperfects/Irregular Imperfects

Preterites

Irrugular Preterites› Car/Gar/Zar

› Spock Verbs

› Cucaracha› Snake/Snakey

Modal Verbs

Adverbios› Irregular Averbios

Progressives› Present

› Past

Adverbios› Irregular averbios

Progressives› Present

› Past

Future› Irregular Future

Conditional

Deber and Soler

Formal Commands

Superlatives

Prepositions

Demonstratives

Uses› Ongoing past tense action

› Repeated action

› No definite beginning or end

Like a film not just a single snap shot

› Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions

AR ER/IR

- aba Yo - ía

- abas Tú - ías

- aba Usted - ía

- ábamos Nostrosos - íamos

- abais Vostoros - íais

- aban Ustedes - ían

Examples:

Todos los días yo

hablaba

Everyday I talk.

Cuando era una

niña, montaba los

cabollos.

When I was a little

girl, I rode horses.

Only Regular

Imperfect Verbs.

Have the same uses!

3 irregular verbs are ir, ser, and ver.

Ir

• iba

• ibas

• iba

• íbamos

• ibais

• iban

Ser

•era

•eras

•era

•éramos

•erais

•eran

Ver

•veía

•veías

•veía

•veíamos

•veíais

•veían

AR ER/IR

- é Yo - í

- aste Tú - iste

- ó Usted - ió

- amos Nostrosos - imos

- aran Ustedes - ieron

Endings

Uses› Simple happened and its over action; a

definite time in the past› Has a beginign and or ending

› It’s a single snapshot in time

› Example

• The boy fell and broke his leg. It happened at that single point in time.

Tigger words

for Preterite:

Ayer yesterday

A noche at night

El año pasadolast year

La semana

passadoLast week

Ante ayerbefore

yesterday

Rule: A spelling change in only

the first person; this is done to

keep the sound the word is

supposed to have.

toqué tocamos

tocaste _______

tocó tocaron

jugué jugamos

jugaste _______

jugó jugaron

Example TocarTocé - the e sound makes the c soft when it is supposed

to be hard

So we spell it toqué to keep the c hard

Example JugarJugé – the g is soft but should be hard

Jugué - the g is now hard

comencé comenzamos

comenzaste ________

comenzó comenzaron

Tocar

Comenzar

Jugar

di/vi

diste/viste

dio/vio

dimos/vimosdieron/vieron

fui

fuiste

fue

fuimos

fueronhice

hicistehizo

hicmos

hicieron

ANDAR anduv-

ESTAR estuv-

PODER pud-

PONER pus-

QUERER quis-

SABER sup-

TENER tuv-

VENIR vin-

DECIR dij-

TRAER traj-

CONDUCIR conduj-

PRODUCIR produj-

TRADUCIR traduj-

-i

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-ieron

For “J” verbs, drop the “i”

for the ustedes form

Ex. Traer Trajeron

Snake

Dormir

The “o” changes to

a “u” in third person

Snakey

Leer

The “i” changes to

an “y” in third

person.

Dormí Durmió

Dormiste -------

Durmió Durmieron

Leí Leimos

Leiste --------

Leyó Leyeron

ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)

poder + infinitive (are able to do something)

querer + infinitive (want to do something)

deber + infinitive (should do something)

* Conjugate and pair the modal verb with an infinitive to

get a new meaning.

Formed by adding –mente to the female singular form of the adjective› Like adding –ly to adjectives in English

When two adverbs modify the same verb only the second adverb gets -mente added to it. Both adverbs get changed to the feminine form.› El chico el habló clara y cortésmente.

Irregular Averbs:› Mucha –lot

› Muy- very

› Mal- bad

› Bastanto – quite/enough

› Bien-good

› Ya-already

Adjective Feminine Form Adverb

Claro Clara Claramente

Dificil Dificil Dificilmente

Tan-so

Demaslado-tooPeor-worse

Siempre-always

Present

› Present and doing it right now; in the moment Ex. I am talking to my aunt

Formula

Example: Estoyhablando a ti

Past

Estar + -ando -iendo -yendo

Conjugate ar er/ir Double

vowels

Estar -> estoy

Hablar -> drop

the ar then add

ando

Estar + -ando -iendo -yendo

Conjugate

in the

imperfect

ar er/ir Double

vowels

Example: Estaba

hablando a ti

- I was talking to my

aunt

Infinitive +

Decir -> dir –

Hacer -> har –

Poner -> pondr –

Salir -> saldr –

Tener -> tendr –

Valer -> vendr

Poder -> podr

Querer -> querr

Saber -> sabr

Irregulars

-é

-ás

-á

-emos

-éis

-án

-é

-ás-á

-emos

-éis

-án

**Endings are the same for

ar/er/ir verbs

The conditional tense is used to express

probability in the future tense.

To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs

in the conditional, simply add one of the

following to the infinitive:

-ía -íamos

-ías -íais

-ía -ían

Use deber to say what people should so. The conjugated form of deber is followed by an infinitive (what they should be doing)

Examples: Debo barrer el suelo

I should sweep the floor› Debe limpar la cocina

He should take out the trash

Use soler to say you used to do something. Followed by an infinitive

Conjugate it in the past tense form (imperfect or preterite)

Example: Solía ordernarlas flores.

I used to arrange the flowers

debo debemos

debes debéis

debe deben

Remember you can put

a pronoun in front of the

conjugated deber so

attach it to the infinitive

Tenga- Venga- De- Veya- Sea- Haga- Esteé- Sepa-

Aff

ima

tiv

eN

eg

ativ

e

Put the verb into the “yo” form

Change to opposite vowel› -ar verbs change endings to e

› -er/-ir verbs change ending to a

Irregulars: TVDISHES› See below!

*DOP and IOP can attach

to comand

Same as above

*DOP and IOP can not attach

The Most

› el más…

› los “ “

› la “ “

› las “”

The Least

› el menos…

› los “ “

› la “ “

› las “ “

When you want to say that something has the most or the

least of a certain quality.

To use a noun with the superlative form, put it after the

article

example: Luis es el chico más alto.

Luis is the tallest boy

When you use an idea or concept, use the neuter article lo

… or …

Irregulars: el/la mejor(best) el/la poer(worst)el/la

meyor(oldest) el/la menor(youngest)

**Be sure

the

adjectives

matches

the noun in

both

gender

and

number

**

Cerca (de)

-Near

Delante (de)

-Before

A la derecha (de)

-To the right

Detrás (de)

-Behind

Encime (de)

-Above

Entre

-Between

A la izquierda (de)

-To the left

Al lado (de)

-To the side

Lejos (de)

-Far

Abajo

-Below

Arriba

-Up

Debajo (de)

-Below

Dentro (de)

-Inside

Fuera (de)

-Out/Outside

Use de only when a specific

location follows the expression

Eso, esto, aquello are nueter – refer to situations or ideas, not to specific nouns

Accent marks denotes pronoun which takes a place of a noun

All demonstratives always agree in gender and number of the noun it modifies

Comes in front of the noun they modify

SM SF PM PF

THIS Este Esta Estos Estas

THAT Ese Esa Esos Esas

THAT

OVER

YONDER

Aquel Aqualla Aquellos Aquellas

The “t”

is near

me

•Aqui

•Allí

•Allá

FIN