Middle East

Ms. Ahmed

&

Ms. Pojer

Middle East? OR Near East?OR Southwest Asia? OR….?

Fresh Groundwater Sources

DESERTS

The Tigris & Euphrates

River System

Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the

Two Rivers”

Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the

Two Rivers”

Marsh Arabs, So. Iraq

Marsh Arabs, So. Iraq

TheJordan River

System:

Israel & Jordan--A Fight Over

Water Rights?

Dead Sea: Lowest Point on Earth

HighestSalt

Content(33%)

HighestSalt

Content(33%)

2,300’ below sea level

2,300’ below sea level

The Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia

ZIGGURATS & CUNEIFORM

Code of Hammurabi

Phoenician Trade

Judaism

MosesMoses

“Prince of Egypt”

“Prince of Egypt”

“Shepherd of His People”

“Shepherd of His People”

JudaismJUDAISM

-One true God is present everywhere

-God made a covenant with Abraham

-God chose the Hebrews as his people

-God gave the Hebrews the

Ten Commandments through Moses

-The Torah is a sacred recording of laws and events in Jewish history

-Prophets taught about moral standards and justice

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today

Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Christianity

Jesus’ MissionJesus’ Mission

Agony in the Garden

Agony in the Garden

CrucifixionCrucifixion

BaptismBaptism

Location of the Last Supper

Christianity in Jerusalem

Christianity in Jerusalem

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion

Muslims are strict monotheists.

They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.

Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the BookPeoples of the Book

Adam

Noah

Abraham

Moses

Jesus

Muhammad

(PBUH)

Five Pillars of Islam

Five Pillars of Islam

Muslims in the WorldToday

Muslims in the WorldToday

Social PatternsSocial Patterns~ Social Mobility

~ Treatment of Conquered Peoples

~ Slavery

~ Status of Women

Muslim EmpiresMuslim EmpiresUmayyad Dynasty

*DAMASCUS

Muslim EmpiresMuslim EmpiresAbbassid Dynasty

Islam’s Golden Age

Islam’s Golden Age-Preservation of Greco-Roman Culture

- Education

- Art and Architecture

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem

Islam’s Golden Age

Islam’s Golden Age

-Poetry - Tales - Philosophy

Algebra / Astronomy / Medicine

- Trade - Manufacturing - Agriculture

Islam’s Golden Age

Islam’s Golden Age

Muslim SpainMuslim Sicily

The Beginning of the Crusades

The Beginning of the Crusades

-Beginning of the Crusades

- Reasons for the Crusades

-An Initial Christian Victory

- Saladin and Muslim Victory

The End/Impact of the Crusades

The End/Impact of the CrusadesCauses

-People want to free the Holy Land from

Seljuk control

- Many people want to get rich and gain

new land

- Some people want to see new places

Effects

-Trade increases

- People of different religions grow to hate

each other

- Popes become more powerful

- Renting land helps to free serfs

- Europeans become interested in traveling

- People learn about other cultures

The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire

The Decline of the Ottoman EmpireThe Decline of the Ottoman Empire

The Decline of the Ottoman Empire

The Decline of the Ottoman Empire

~The Armenian Massacres

~The Balkan Powder Keg

Arab NationalismArab Nationalism

Turkish – Kemal Ataturk Iran – Reza Khan

Pan-Arabism

Zionism

WWII – El Alamein (1942)WWII – El Alamein (1942)

Cold War – Choosing SidesCold War – Choosing Sides

The Natural Resources of the

Middle East

World Oil Reserves

Persian Gulf Oil Exports

(2003)

Saudi Oil Fields &

Refineries

Leading U. S. Oil Suppliers

The U. S. imports 30% of its oil needs from

the Middle East.

The U. S. imports 30% of its oil needs from

the Middle East.

Kuwait: An Island Floating on a Sea of

Oil

Conflicts and Change in the Middle East

Conflicts and Change in the Middle East

A Jewish State Among Arab Nations

Conflicts and Change in the Middle East

Conflicts and Change in the Middle East

Civil War in Lebanon & The Iranian Revolution

Conflicts and Change in the Middle East

Conflicts and Change in the Middle East

Iran/Iraq War and Continued Hostilities

Conflicts and Change in the Middle East

Conflicts and Change in the Middle East

Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism

Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism

Fundamentalism:

Iran / Libya / Algeria / Turkey

~ The Iraq War

~ Afghanistan

~ Peace Keeping Operations (UN)

Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism

Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism

Social Patterns and Change:

Saudi Arabia / Egypt / Afghanistan / Algeria