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The Middle East - Its geography and history
Citation preview
Ms. Ahmed
&
Ms. Pojer
Middle East? OR Near East?OR Southwest Asia? OR….?
Fresh Groundwater Sources
DESERTS
The Tigris & Euphrates
River System
Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the
Two Rivers”
Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the
Two Rivers”
Marsh Arabs, So. Iraq
Marsh Arabs, So. Iraq
TheJordan River
System:
Israel & Jordan--A Fight Over
Water Rights?
Dead Sea: Lowest Point on Earth
HighestSalt
Content(33%)
HighestSalt
Content(33%)
2,300’ below sea level
2,300’ below sea level
The Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia
ZIGGURATS & CUNEIFORM
Code of Hammurabi
Phoenician Trade
Judaism
MosesMoses
“Prince of Egypt”
“Prince of Egypt”
“Shepherd of His People”
“Shepherd of His People”
JudaismJUDAISM
-One true God is present everywhere
-God made a covenant with Abraham
-God chose the Hebrews as his people
-God gave the Hebrews the
Ten Commandments through Moses
-The Torah is a sacred recording of laws and events in Jewish history
-Prophets taught about moral standards and justice
The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today
The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today
Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall
Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall
Christianity
Jesus’ MissionJesus’ Mission
Agony in the Garden
Agony in the Garden
CrucifixionCrucifixion
BaptismBaptism
Location of the Last Supper
Christianity in Jerusalem
Christianity in Jerusalem
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.
Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the BookPeoples of the Book
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
(PBUH)
Five Pillars of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam
Muslims in the WorldToday
Muslims in the WorldToday
Social PatternsSocial Patterns~ Social Mobility
~ Treatment of Conquered Peoples
~ Slavery
~ Status of Women
Muslim EmpiresMuslim EmpiresUmayyad Dynasty
*DAMASCUS
Muslim EmpiresMuslim EmpiresAbbassid Dynasty
Islam’s Golden Age
Islam’s Golden Age-Preservation of Greco-Roman Culture
- Education
- Art and Architecture
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem
Islam’s Golden Age
Islam’s Golden Age
-Poetry - Tales - Philosophy
Algebra / Astronomy / Medicine
- Trade - Manufacturing - Agriculture
Islam’s Golden Age
Islam’s Golden Age
Muslim SpainMuslim Sicily
The Beginning of the Crusades
The Beginning of the Crusades
-Beginning of the Crusades
- Reasons for the Crusades
-An Initial Christian Victory
- Saladin and Muslim Victory
The End/Impact of the Crusades
The End/Impact of the CrusadesCauses
-People want to free the Holy Land from
Seljuk control
- Many people want to get rich and gain
new land
- Some people want to see new places
Effects
-Trade increases
- People of different religions grow to hate
each other
- Popes become more powerful
- Renting land helps to free serfs
- Europeans become interested in traveling
- People learn about other cultures
The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire
The Decline of the Ottoman EmpireThe Decline of the Ottoman Empire
The Decline of the Ottoman Empire
The Decline of the Ottoman Empire
~The Armenian Massacres
~The Balkan Powder Keg
Arab NationalismArab Nationalism
Turkish – Kemal Ataturk Iran – Reza Khan
Pan-Arabism
Zionism
WWII – El Alamein (1942)WWII – El Alamein (1942)
Cold War – Choosing SidesCold War – Choosing Sides
The Natural Resources of the
Middle East
World Oil Reserves
Persian Gulf Oil Exports
(2003)
Saudi Oil Fields &
Refineries
Leading U. S. Oil Suppliers
The U. S. imports 30% of its oil needs from
the Middle East.
The U. S. imports 30% of its oil needs from
the Middle East.
Kuwait: An Island Floating on a Sea of
Oil
Conflicts and Change in the Middle East
Conflicts and Change in the Middle East
A Jewish State Among Arab Nations
Conflicts and Change in the Middle East
Conflicts and Change in the Middle East
Civil War in Lebanon & The Iranian Revolution
Conflicts and Change in the Middle East
Conflicts and Change in the Middle East
Iran/Iraq War and Continued Hostilities
Conflicts and Change in the Middle East
Conflicts and Change in the Middle East
Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism
Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism
Fundamentalism:
Iran / Libya / Algeria / Turkey
~ The Iraq War
~ Afghanistan
~ Peace Keeping Operations (UN)
Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism
Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism
Social Patterns and Change:
Saudi Arabia / Egypt / Afghanistan / Algeria