His 122 chapters 19 20 fall 13

CHAPTERS 19-20The South and the West and the Emergence of Urban America

The New South

Plantation system gave way to tenant farming and sharecropping Farmers worked land they did not own Traded a percentage of annual yield for the

right to work their share of land Little cash available-most farmers lived in a

perpetual state of debt Some growth in manufacturing Cotton still King Railroad improved shipping crops to market

The Myth of the the New South

The Myth of the New South

The Myth of the New South

Plessy v. Ferguson and Jim Crow Application of Constitutional Amendment

to citizens Civil Rights Law of 1865

Parties and Judges

The New West

The Migratory Stream 1870-1900: Americans settled more land in the

U.S. than had been occupied before the Civil War Settlers’ ethnicities

African-American Migration Exodusters Buffalo Soldiers: “colored” cavalry units

The New West

The New West

The Indian Wars Lieutenant Colonel George Custer

Miners and Sioux territory

The New West

The New West

Cattle and Cowboys Cattle drives ended at rail lines

The End of the Open Range Barbed wire

The New West

Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876 by Amos Bad Heart Bull

The New West

Range Wars Conflicting claims and goals of farmers &

ranchers Ethnic prejudices

Farmers and the Land Homestead Act of 1862 1900 Progressives encouraged water rights and

dams

The New West

Hoover Dam: when completed in 1936 –the world’s largest concrete structure

The New West

Pioneer Women Same social rules as in the East Hardships made life more egalitarian Widows assumed control of land and

independence that would not have been tolerated back home

The End of the Frontier 1890 Census showed no area remained where

fewer than 2 people per square mile resided

Women in the West

America’s Move to Town

Explosive Urban Growth 1860-1910 population growth: 6 million to 44

million Majority lived in Urban areas

America’s Move to Town

America’s Move to Town

America’s Move to Town

America’s Move to Town

The Allure and Problems of the Cities Unregulated urban growth created problems in

sanitation, health and morale Mortality rates Cholera, yellow fever and typhoid

Immigration

Steerage Deck on the S.S. Pennland, 1893.

Immigration

Registration Room at Ellis Island: 29 questions, “are you a polygamist?”

Immigration

Immigration Restriction Immigrant communities Nativist groups

Immigrants dangerous Worked for substandard wages Religious prejudice

Congress Overturned Chester Arthur’s veto of the Chinese

Exclusion Act Federal law limiting immigration on the basis of race and

class

Popular Culture

A Reading Public Newspapers

Openly partisan

Vaudeville Variety show: comedy, music, dance

Saloon Culture Social club for poor Women segregated in smaller rooms

Popular Culture

Popular Culture

Outdoor Recreation Relieved congestion of urban life New York’s Central Park established in 1858 Bicycle: 1870’s

Working Women and Leisure Church organizations Small groups

Popular Culture

Wheeling

Popular Culture

Spectator Sports Football, Basketball, Baseball

White players only African Americans in separate leagues Urban base in large cities

Popular Culture

Steeplechase Park: Coney Island, NY

Popular Culture

Baseball Card: 1887

Education and Social Thought

The Spread of Public Education Prior to Civil War

Education in private academies often centered around a religious denomination

Post Civil War Vocational training Morrill Act of 1862: Land Grant Colleges--30,000

Acres per representative to teach agriculture and mechanics

Vocational Training & “Americanize” Immigrants

Education and Social Thought

Education and Social Thought

Pragmatism William James:

ideas gain validity from their social consequences and practical applications

Social Darwinism

Application by of Darwin’s theory to social issues Man’s better

characteristics could be passed on

Man can manipulate society so that best men thrive