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CHAPTERS 19-20The South and the West and the Emergence of Urban America
The New South
Plantation system gave way to tenant farming and sharecropping Farmers worked land they did not own Traded a percentage of annual yield for the
right to work their share of land Little cash available-most farmers lived in a
perpetual state of debt Some growth in manufacturing Cotton still King Railroad improved shipping crops to market
The Myth of the the New South
The Myth of the New South
The Myth of the New South
Plessy v. Ferguson and Jim Crow Application of Constitutional Amendment
to citizens Civil Rights Law of 1865
Parties and Judges
The New West
The Migratory Stream 1870-1900: Americans settled more land in the
U.S. than had been occupied before the Civil War Settlers’ ethnicities
African-American Migration Exodusters Buffalo Soldiers: “colored” cavalry units
The New West
The New West
The Indian Wars Lieutenant Colonel George Custer
Miners and Sioux territory
The New West
The New West
Cattle and Cowboys Cattle drives ended at rail lines
The End of the Open Range Barbed wire
The New West
Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876 by Amos Bad Heart Bull
The New West
Range Wars Conflicting claims and goals of farmers &
ranchers Ethnic prejudices
Farmers and the Land Homestead Act of 1862 1900 Progressives encouraged water rights and
dams
The New West
Hoover Dam: when completed in 1936 –the world’s largest concrete structure
The New West
Pioneer Women Same social rules as in the East Hardships made life more egalitarian Widows assumed control of land and
independence that would not have been tolerated back home
The End of the Frontier 1890 Census showed no area remained where
fewer than 2 people per square mile resided
Women in the West
America’s Move to Town
Explosive Urban Growth 1860-1910 population growth: 6 million to 44
million Majority lived in Urban areas
America’s Move to Town
America’s Move to Town
America’s Move to Town
America’s Move to Town
The Allure and Problems of the Cities Unregulated urban growth created problems in
sanitation, health and morale Mortality rates Cholera, yellow fever and typhoid
Immigration
Steerage Deck on the S.S. Pennland, 1893.
Immigration
Registration Room at Ellis Island: 29 questions, “are you a polygamist?”
Immigration
Immigration Restriction Immigrant communities Nativist groups
Immigrants dangerous Worked for substandard wages Religious prejudice
Congress Overturned Chester Arthur’s veto of the Chinese
Exclusion Act Federal law limiting immigration on the basis of race and
class
Popular Culture
A Reading Public Newspapers
Openly partisan
Vaudeville Variety show: comedy, music, dance
Saloon Culture Social club for poor Women segregated in smaller rooms
Popular Culture
Popular Culture
Outdoor Recreation Relieved congestion of urban life New York’s Central Park established in 1858 Bicycle: 1870’s
Working Women and Leisure Church organizations Small groups
Popular Culture
Wheeling
Popular Culture
Spectator Sports Football, Basketball, Baseball
White players only African Americans in separate leagues Urban base in large cities
Popular Culture
Steeplechase Park: Coney Island, NY
Popular Culture
Baseball Card: 1887
Education and Social Thought
The Spread of Public Education Prior to Civil War
Education in private academies often centered around a religious denomination
Post Civil War Vocational training Morrill Act of 1862: Land Grant Colleges--30,000
Acres per representative to teach agriculture and mechanics
Vocational Training & “Americanize” Immigrants
Education and Social Thought
Education and Social Thought
Pragmatism William James:
ideas gain validity from their social consequences and practical applications
Social Darwinism
Application by of Darwin’s theory to social issues Man’s better
characteristics could be passed on
Man can manipulate society so that best men thrive
