Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever used If you’ve ever used nonstick pansnonstick pans

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If you’ve ever used If you’ve ever used VelcroVelcro

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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedsweeteners sweeteners

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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedTylenol or Advil Tylenol or Advil

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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever useddyed clothingdyed clothing

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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedNylonNylon

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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedgasolinegasoline

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If you’ve ever hadIf you’ve ever hadan MRIan MRI

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If you’ve ever If you’ve ever baked a cakebaked a cake

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Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Describing MatterDescribing Matter

UNITSUNITSQuantity Symbol Unit Abbreviation

Length L Meter m

Mass m Kilogram kg

Time t Second S

Temperature T Kelvin K

Amount of Substance

n mole mol

Electric current I Ampere A

Luminous intensity

Iv Candela cd

MeasurementsMeasurementsSI unitsSI units

Système Internationale des Unités

Describing MatterDescribing MatterPrefixesPrefixes

Prefix Abbreviation Exponential multiplier

Value example

Yotta Y 1024 septillion

Zetta Z 1021 sextillion

Exa E 1018 quintillion exabyte

peta P 1015 quadrillion

tera T 1012 trillion terabyte

giga G 109 billion gigaHertz

mega M 106 million

Kilo K 103 thousand kilometer

Base - 100 1

Describing MatterDescribing MatterPrefixesPrefixes

Prefix Abbreviation Exponential multiplier

Value example

deci d 10-1 tenth decibel

centi c 10-2 hundredth centimeter

milli m 10-3 thousandth milligram

micro μ 10-6 millionth microsecond

nano n 10-9 billionth nanometer

pico p 10-12 trillionth picoHertz

femto f 10-15 quadillionth femtosecond

atto a 10-18 quintillionth attometer

zepto z 10-21 Sextillionth

Measurements:Measurements:TemperatureTemperature

Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

212° F 100°C 373 KBoiling point of water

32°F 0°C 273 KFreezing point of water

-459.67°F -273°C 0 KLowest possible temperature

Derived UnitsDerived Units

Volume

What is Matter?What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and volume

Pure or Mixture?Pure or Mixture?

ElementsElements

The Ancient Greeks recognized four different earthly The Ancient Greeks recognized four different earthly elements elements

ElementsElements

Pure Substance that contains Pure Substance that contains only one only one type of atomtype of atom

AllotropesAllotropes

Different Molecular Form of Same Elemen;Different Molecular Form of Same Elemen;

diamond and graphitediamond and graphite

CompoundsCompounds

Pure substances made of more than one type of atom Pure substances made of more than one type of atom

ClH

MixturesMixtures

HeterogeneousHeterogeneous

Oil and water

Milk

MixturesMixtures

HomogeneousHomogeneous

Salt water

Sugar water

EnergyEnergy

ENERGY is neither created nor destroyed.

EnergyEnergy

.

Heat TransferHeat Transfer

.

Energy transfer due to a difference in temperature

Measurements:Measurements:TemperatureTemperature

Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

212° F 100°C 373 KBoiling point of water

32°F 0°C 273 KFreezing point of water

-459.67°F -273°C 0 KLowest possible temperature

EnergyEnergy

.

Exothermic VS. Endothermic

Specific Heat CapacitySpecific Heat Capacity

Q = m x Cp x ΔT

Specific Heat CapacitySpecific Heat Capacity

Specific Heat substance

4.18 J/gK water

0.9 J/gK Aluminum

0.126 J/gK Gold

0.51 J/gK Steel

2.9 J.gK Paraffin wax

1.0 J/gK Air

Accuracy vs. PrecisionAccuracy vs. Precision

AccuracyAccuracy

How close is your measurement to the actual value??

PrecisionPrecision

How close is your measurements to each other?

Significant FiguresSignificant Figures

Any non-zero digit is Significant

Any zero between non-zero digits is Significant

All zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are NOT significant

Zeros that occur without a decimal point are NOT significant

Zeros AFTER the decimal point are Significant