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If you’ve ever used If you’ve ever used nonstick pans nonstick pans Thank a chemist

Chem Unit1

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Page 1: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever used If you’ve ever used nonstick pansnonstick pans

Thank a chemist

Page 2: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever used If you’ve ever used VelcroVelcro

Thank a chemist

Page 3: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedsweeteners sweeteners

Thank a chemist

Page 4: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedTylenol or Advil Tylenol or Advil

Thank a chemist

Page 5: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever useddyed clothingdyed clothing

Thank a chemist

Page 6: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedNylonNylon

Thank a chemist

Page 7: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedgasolinegasoline

Thank a chemist

Page 8: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever hadIf you’ve ever hadan MRIan MRI

Thank a chemist

Page 9: Chem Unit1

If you’ve ever If you’ve ever baked a cakebaked a cake

Thank a chemist

Page 10: Chem Unit1

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Page 11: Chem Unit1

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Page 12: Chem Unit1

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Page 13: Chem Unit1

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Page 14: Chem Unit1

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Page 15: Chem Unit1

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Page 16: Chem Unit1

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Page 17: Chem Unit1

Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange

Page 18: Chem Unit1

Describing MatterDescribing Matter

UNITSUNITSQuantity Symbol Unit Abbreviation

Length L Meter m

Mass m Kilogram kg

Time t Second S

Temperature T Kelvin K

Amount of Substance

n mole mol

Electric current I Ampere A

Luminous intensity

Iv Candela cd

Page 19: Chem Unit1

MeasurementsMeasurementsSI unitsSI units

Système Internationale des Unités

Page 20: Chem Unit1

Describing MatterDescribing MatterPrefixesPrefixes

Prefix Abbreviation Exponential multiplier

Value example

Yotta Y 1024 septillion

Zetta Z 1021 sextillion

Exa E 1018 quintillion exabyte

peta P 1015 quadrillion

tera T 1012 trillion terabyte

giga G 109 billion gigaHertz

mega M 106 million

Kilo K 103 thousand kilometer

Base - 100 1

Page 21: Chem Unit1

Describing MatterDescribing MatterPrefixesPrefixes

Prefix Abbreviation Exponential multiplier

Value example

deci d 10-1 tenth decibel

centi c 10-2 hundredth centimeter

milli m 10-3 thousandth milligram

micro μ 10-6 millionth microsecond

nano n 10-9 billionth nanometer

pico p 10-12 trillionth picoHertz

femto f 10-15 quadillionth femtosecond

atto a 10-18 quintillionth attometer

zepto z 10-21 Sextillionth

Page 22: Chem Unit1

Measurements:Measurements:TemperatureTemperature

Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

212° F 100°C 373 KBoiling point of water

32°F 0°C 273 KFreezing point of water

-459.67°F -273°C 0 KLowest possible temperature

Page 23: Chem Unit1

Derived UnitsDerived Units

Volume

Page 24: Chem Unit1

What is Matter?What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and volume

Page 25: Chem Unit1

Pure or Mixture?Pure or Mixture?

Page 26: Chem Unit1

ElementsElements

The Ancient Greeks recognized four different earthly The Ancient Greeks recognized four different earthly elements elements

Page 27: Chem Unit1

ElementsElements

Pure Substance that contains Pure Substance that contains only one only one type of atomtype of atom

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AllotropesAllotropes

Different Molecular Form of Same Elemen;Different Molecular Form of Same Elemen;

diamond and graphitediamond and graphite

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CompoundsCompounds

Pure substances made of more than one type of atom Pure substances made of more than one type of atom

ClH

Page 30: Chem Unit1

MixturesMixtures

HeterogeneousHeterogeneous

Oil and water

Milk

Page 31: Chem Unit1

MixturesMixtures

HomogeneousHomogeneous

Salt water

Sugar water

Page 32: Chem Unit1

EnergyEnergy

ENERGY is neither created nor destroyed.

Page 33: Chem Unit1

EnergyEnergy

.

Page 34: Chem Unit1

Heat TransferHeat Transfer

.

Energy transfer due to a difference in temperature

Page 35: Chem Unit1

Measurements:Measurements:TemperatureTemperature

Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

212° F 100°C 373 KBoiling point of water

32°F 0°C 273 KFreezing point of water

-459.67°F -273°C 0 KLowest possible temperature

Page 36: Chem Unit1

EnergyEnergy

.

Exothermic VS. Endothermic

Page 37: Chem Unit1

Specific Heat CapacitySpecific Heat Capacity

Q = m x Cp x ΔT

Page 38: Chem Unit1

Specific Heat CapacitySpecific Heat Capacity

Specific Heat substance

4.18 J/gK water

0.9 J/gK Aluminum

0.126 J/gK Gold

0.51 J/gK Steel

2.9 J.gK Paraffin wax

1.0 J/gK Air

Page 39: Chem Unit1

Accuracy vs. PrecisionAccuracy vs. Precision

Page 40: Chem Unit1

AccuracyAccuracy

How close is your measurement to the actual value??

Page 41: Chem Unit1

PrecisionPrecision

How close is your measurements to each other?

Page 42: Chem Unit1

Significant FiguresSignificant Figures

Any non-zero digit is Significant

Any zero between non-zero digits is Significant

All zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are NOT significant

Zeros that occur without a decimal point are NOT significant

Zeros AFTER the decimal point are Significant