What is the art of making maps called? Cartography – the art of making maps

Cartography

What is the art of making maps called?

Cartography – the art of making maps

Map Making

A map is a drawing or a picture of the earths surface, showing how things are related to each other by distance, direction and size.

What is a Map ?

Lagrange Middle School

Maps are used for:Navigation : To find places

Direction to travel

Determine distance

Determine Size

Visually display data

Uses of MapsWhat do we use Maps for?

Types of MapsTopographic map –

Shows elevation of the landShows 3 dimensional ups and downs on 2

dimensional surfacePopulation density –

How many people live in an area (crowdedness).

Road maps, School Maps,Weather Maps, Etc…

Different types of maps

What is on a Proper Map?Title –

Tells what map you are looking at.Key / Legend

Shows representations of objects on the map.Scale –

Shows distance on a map.

What is on a proper map?

Compass – gives direction (N,S,E,W)

WE not EW to get out of the woods.

Landmarks/features – objects such as mountains, buildings, parking lots ect.

Roads with names – roads are labeled to clarify which roads you are looking at

Latitude and longitudeFor navigation

What is on a proper map?

How do we tell which is which?

Latitude and Longitude

Latitude is the Measure of distance north and south of the equator. (Laddertude, Flatitude)

What is its range?Latitude range = 0° – 90° N or SWhat are lines of equal latitude?Parallels are lines of the same latitude running East and West on a map Parallel to the EquatorWhat is 0 Degrees Latitude?Equator - 0° latitudeHalfway between North and South pole

What is Latitude?

Other notable LatitudesNorth Pole: 90° NArctic Circle: 66.5° NTropic of Cancer: 23.5° NEquator: 0° LatitudeTropic of Capricorn: 23.5° SAntarctic Circle: 66.5° SSouth Pole: 90° S

All #’s relate to 23.5 Earths Tilt

Longitude is the measure of distance east and west of the prime meridian Longitude Range?Longitude Range 0° - 180° E or W Can only go half way around a circleLines of equal Longitude?Meridian - Lines of equal Longitude. Run between North and South Pole Zero Degrees Longitude Prime Meridian – 0° longitude

Runs through Greenwich, England What is the name for 180°

The International Date Line is 180 Deg. Longitude

Longitude

We started using Latitude / Longitude For ship navigation

Why did we start using Lat / Long?

Poor navigation = Bad Day

Latitude / Longitude for Lagrangeville, NY?Lat / Long for Lagrangeville, NY 41 Deg. North / 74 Deg. West

Our Latitude / Longitude

Latitude first, must always include N or SLongitude second, must always include E or W Start at equator and go N or S the number of degreeStart at the Prime meridian and go E or W the

number of degrees

The intersection of the two lines is your location

To Review

40° N 3° WMadrid, Spain

36° N 112° WGrand Canyon National Park

0°N 36° ENairobi, Kenya

33° S 70° ESantiago, Chile

28° N 81° WDisney World - Orlando, Florida

Find these Coordinates

Time Zones

Time zones - Longitudinal belt in which all areas have the same local time

Why do we have time zones?Since the Earth rotates, not all places are in

daylight at the same time. To accommodate for this, different places are set to different times

Why do we have Time Zones?

Where is the starting point for time zones? The 0 point for time is 0° Longitude or the

prime meridian (Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

How far apart is each time zone?Every time zone is 15 Deg. Apart.360° / 24 hours = 15° / hour What happens to time when we move to the

West?Every 15 deg. you move West we subtract 1

hr (Lazy Californians) What happens when we move to the East?Every 15 degrees to the East we add 1 hour

(Busy NYC)

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

Can we go back multiple days in time?To stop us from going to far back or forward in time, the International Date line resets the day. What happens when we cross it?Crossing to the west we add one day.Crossing it to the east we subtract one dayIt is the opposite of time zones! Why is the line not straight with the 180 deg

meridian?The line does not run perfectly North and

South, it bends around islands in its path

International Date Line

US time zones:Eastern Standard TimeCentral Standard TimeMountain Standard TimePacific Standard Time

Alaska and Hawaii

Time Zones in the United States

What is the best representation of the Earth?The best representation of the Earth is a

Globe.

What happens when we try to make a map the Earth?

When the round surface of the Earth is projected on a flat surface changes occur that distort the size and shape of land and oceans

Mapping the Earth

Mercator Maps show correct shape of coastline

Distorts the size of land and water areas far from the equator

Greenland is made much larger then it really is.

Mercator Projection

Equal Area Maps shows area correctly Distorts the shapes

Equal Area Projection

How to write a lab – cover page (G)

How to write a lab– Purpose/Procedure (G)

How to write a lab – data (G)

How to write a lab – conclusion (G)

1.) What is a map?2.) What is the study of maps known as?3.) Name and explain 3 kinds of maps people

would use?4.) What are 8 important features on a map

(define)5.) What changed from your first map to your

final map?(Meaning did you add or change

anything.)6.) Explain 2 types of maps that try to fix the

problem of distortion.

Map lab Conclusion (G)

# Latitude Longitude1 60 N 80 W

2 60 N 40 W

3 30 N 80 W

4 30 N 40 W

5 10 N 80 W

6 10 N 70 W

7 10 N 50 W

8 10 N 40 W

9 30 S 80 W

10 30 S 40 W

Lab

H.I. Lab (G) / Secret Code Lab (R)Conclusion:Define Latitude ?Define parallels ? (in terms of latitude)What is the zero point for Latitude ?Define Longitude ?Define Meridian ? (in terms of Longitude)What is the zero point for Longitude ?What are time zones, Why do we have them

and how many degrees are between them?What is the International Date Line, where is

it and why do we have it ?