What is Blood Made Of? Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Plasma Platelets

Grades 9-12

M. Wetherbee

Blood Typing

What is Blood Made Of?

•Red Blood Cells

•White Blood Cells

•Plasma

•Platelets

ErythrocytesErythro: redCytes: cells

Transport oxygenCarry away carbon dioxideNo nucleus

LeukocytesLeuko: whiteCytes: cells

Important aspect of immune system“Eat” bacteria and other foreign substances

Formed from stem cells in bone marrow

PlasmaMostly water

Proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and clotting factors

Proteins used to fight infectionProvides means of transportation for the other blood cells

Thrombocytes Thrombo: blood clottingCyte: cell

Sticky, have irregular shapeForm blood clotsNo nucleusFormed in bone marrow

History of Blood Typing1900-1901Karl Landsteiner of Austria

Noted agglutination of patients’ red blood cells when they received serum from someone else

Determined this was due to red blood cell antigens and serum antiobodies

A blood group and B blood groupO for “ohne”AB blood group1910: Blood type is inherited

The ABO Blood Group System Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B

antibody in the plasma)

Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma)

Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma)

Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)

http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-typesm

Rh FactorAnother antigen found on red blood cells is the Rh factor

If present, indicated as (+)If not present, indicated as (-)Example:

A+A antigens on red blood cells, B antibodies in plasma, Rh factor present

OK, So What Are Antigens?

Antigens cause immune responseRed blood cells have millions of

antigensThese recognized and ignored by body’s immune system

When red blood cells with unfamiliar antigens enter body, immune system attacks it

Blood Type is Inherited

A, B, AB, O determined by a sugarRh (+) or (-) determined by a proteinDNA determines the sugars and

proteins your body producesDNA is inherited

Phenotype Genotype

A AA or AO

B BB or BO

AB AB

O OO

Determining Blood TypeSimple test

Drop of blood combined with an anti-A chemical and anti-B chemicalIf reacts with anti-A, blood is type AIf reacts with anti-B, blood is type BIf reacts with both, blood is ABIf no reaction, blood is type O

Similar test for Rh factorIf blood clots, Rh (+)If no clot, Rh (-)

Who Gets What?Group A Group A or Group ABGroup B Group B or Group ABGroup O All blood groups

Universal donorGroup AB Only Group AB

Universal acceptor

Donor Recipient

OABAB

OABAB