Blood and Lymph•Blood plasma• cells•Platelets•Lymphatic system

Blood

• Often labelled a tissue because:– Many cells

working together to perform a task

• White and red blood cells, plasma and platelets

• The body contains 4-6 liters of blood

• 55% of volume is plasma!– 45% is cells

Blood Plasma• Clear, pale yellow• mainly composed

of water– Also contains:

• blood proteins• inorganic electrolytes.

• Overall, 90% water–10% dissolved

gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, proteins, hormones and waste products (phew)

Blood Cells• Red Blood Cells (AKA erythrocytes)– Transport

oxygen• Disc shaped

– Lots of surface area

– Squeeze through capillaries

• Contain hemoglobin

– No nucleus– 5,000,000 in 1ml

Blood Cells(continued)

• White blood cells (AKA leukocytes)– Attack intruders– #s increase with

infection in body– Several varieties– Contain nuclei– 1 WBC to 700 RBCs– Most live only a few days– Produced in white bone

marrow

Varieties of blood cells (FYI only)

Blood Types

• Uses of blood typing– Properties of blood help with:

• Paternity suits• Forensic science• Health problems

More on Erythrocytes• Contain antigens

– Which determine your blood type

• 4 types– A, B, AB and O– Kinda like gang

colors– Each blood type is

also + or –• Example blood types:

– Mr Taylor is B+– Mr McKechnie is

O-– Can also be AB+,

AB-, A+, A-, B- and O+

Blood type gang “weapons”• Gangs and their weapons

– A’s have anti B gats• AKA: B antibodies

– B’s have anti A gats• AKA: A antibodies

– AB’s have no gats• AKA: no antibodies

– O’s have anti everybody gats• AKA: A+B antibodies

• Each blood type is also Rh+ or Rh- positive or negative– Same system as blood types

The Blood Type hoods…– Neighbourhoods • (can receive blood from:)

– A hoods welcome A’s and O’s

– B’s welcome in B and O– AB’s welcome all– O’s don’t welcome

anyone

– Allowed into neighbourhoods

• (Donor for:)– A’s allowed into A and AB

hoods– B’s into B and AB hoods– AB’s into AB only– O’s into all

• Copy diagram

Transfusions…

• Antibodies present in the recipient must not match the antigens (blood type) of the donor.– Clumping will

occur.• Antibodies attach

to matching antigens

Click on top picture and scroll down to the “Blood typing” section and show the agglutination animation on the left.

Click on picture at right and the “Blood typing” game.

Platelets and Blood Clotting• Plasma proteins and

cell fragments• Platelets clot

– They stick to damaged blood vessels

– they release clotting factors (coagulate blood)

• Calcium and vitamin K aid in creating thrombin

• Thrombin is an enzyme that converts fibrinogen into sticky mass of fibrin (AKA a scab)

Lymphatic System• Network of

vessels that:1. removes extra

fluid and returns it to the Circ. Sys.

2. absorbs fats and fat soluble vitamins from intestines

3. Produces Immune cells• WBC’s and

antibodies

Lymphatic system (cont)• Lymph

– The fluid of the lymphatic system– Contains: lots of fat, fluid,

proteins, immune cells and wastes

• Lymph nodes– Filters lymph– Location of WBC production