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hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Welcome
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
How LED Lighting is Impacting Healthcare
E69
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Marjorie SobylakNew York Presbyterian
Sr. Project Manager
Karen Murphy LC, IALD, LEED APHDR
Sr. Lighting Designer
Lam Vu PE, CEMUS Department of Veterans AffairsOffice of Construction & Facilities
Management
Speakers
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
A heightened awareness of energy
conservation and a desire to improve
sustainability has caused many people to
utilize LED lighting without really
understanding the technology.
Our goal is to have an open and honest
discussion about the application of Light
Emitting Diode technology.
Session Description
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
� Learn how LED technology differs from
Fluorescent (strengths and challenges)
� Recognize why lighting specifiers must also
specify the lighting controls
� Explore maintenance protocols necessary for
LED products
� Understand color rendering metrics and discuss
appropriate metrics for clinical spaces.
Session Objectives
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
“LEDs Eliminate the Need for Maintenance”
“LEDs Save Energy”
“LEDs Have Better Color Quality”
“LEDs Last Forever”
“This is better) it’s LED”
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
FLUORESCENT LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
LED fixtures use different methods to produce white light:
Color mixed LED modules
“RGB”
“RGBW”
“RGBA”
Blue LED modules with yellow phosphors
“Blue Pump”
“White LED”
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
FLUORESCENT LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
Ballasts
• Instant Start
• Rapid Start
• Program Rapid Start
Drivers
• Forward Phase
• Reverse Phase
• 0-10V
• Dali
Very recently:
• Tunable
• Integrated
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Maintenance Protocols Change
LED replacement parts come from the light
fixture manufacturer:
� Difficult to stock replacement parts
� Lead time
� Replacements available in future may not
operate identically
� Disconnect fixture before replacing LED
modules
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
FLUORESCENT LIFE LED LIFE
Lamp Life is the time is takes for 50% of
fluorescent lamps to fail.
IES Standard LM 80 defines lifetime
(lumen depreciation) for LEDs
• For general illumination, life is defined
as time until 30% decrease in output
• For decorative lighting, life is defined as
time until 50% decrease in output
• Testing through 6,000 hrs6.. Reliable
prediction of useful light?
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Lumen Depreciation
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Per
cen
tag
e o
f In
itia
l Lu
men
s
Lamp Lumen Depreciation
LED
XL T8 Fluor
Compact Fluor
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Maintenance: Group Replace LEDsMaintenance schedule can be determined by:
• Calculation based on published life and
estimated hours of operation
• Lighting control systems that track and log
hours of operation can be used to determine
maintenance schedule
• Some fixtures offer built-in end-of-life detection
• If driver life is approximately the same as LED
life, replace both when driver fails.
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Energy Efficiency
0 50 100 150 200
Incandescent
Compact Fluorescent
Linear Fluorescent
LED
Projected Average
Best
Average
EFFICACY (lumens/watt)
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Heat
• LEDs transfer heat through conduction
Operating Characteristics
• Fluorescent lamps don’t like cold; LED modules don’t like hot
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Flicker
• LED – Driver – Control Device compatibility can create flicker problems
Operating Characteristics
IEEE 1789-2015 (establishes threshold limits <200Hz)
Negative effects can occur with frequencies <120Hz
eye strain / headaches
Negative effects typically occur with frequencies <70Hz
photosensitive epilepsy
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
COLOR METRICS
Color Temperature
Color Rendering Index
(°Kelvin)
(CRI)
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Color Quality
Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) –Measured in ºKelvin
2700ºK 6500ºK4000ºK
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Color Quality
Color Rendering Index (CRI - Ra)
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Color Quality
Color Rendering Index (Ra)…
… Color Fidelity (Rf)
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Color Quality
Color Gamut (Rg)
… saturation
Rg range is 60-140 when Rf >60
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Clinical Applications where Color Rendering is Important
Burn Units / Wound Healing
NICUs
Select Laboratories
ER
Surgical Lights
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Fall Prevention
Common use for LED today
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Decrease Patient Anxiety
Pediatric
Hyperbaric Chambers
MRI / PET Scan
Psychiatric
Common use for LED today
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Support Circadian Entrainment
Current Trends with LED today
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
New Possibilities with LED
Luminaires double as Access Panels
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Enhance Infection Control
Future Possibilities with LED
Patient Room 2020 Handwashing Demo:
Proximity sensor triggers red light
and timer…
After 1 minute light turns green
signaling that time spent washing
hands complies with protocols.
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
Mission: To fulfill President Lincoln's promise
“To care for him who shall have borne the
battle, and for his widow, and his orphan” by
serving and honoring the men and women who
are America’s veterans.
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
VA operates and manages:
• 150 Medical Centers
• 229 National and State Cemeteries
• 6 Independent Outpatient Clinics
• 104 Dormiciliary Residential
Rehabilitation Centers
• 820 Community-Based Outpatient Clinics
(CBOC)
• 300 VET Centers
• 135 VA Community Living Centers
• 56 Regional Admin Offices
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
VA Technical Information Library (TIL) –
http://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
VA Technical Information Library (TIL) – http://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL (cont.)
• PG 18-1 Master Construction Specifications - http://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/spec.asp
• PG 18-10 Design Manuals - http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/dManual.asp
• PG 18 -12 Design Guides - http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/dGuide.asp
• PG 18-4 Standards Details and CAD Standards - http://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/sDetail.asp
• PG 18 -5 Equipment Guide List - http://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/equip.asp
• PG 18-9 Space Planning Criteria - http://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/planning.asp
• PG 18-14 Room Finishes, Doors, and Hardware Schedules -
http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/room/RoomFinishes.pdf
• (And many more construction & engineering standards)
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Current VA Lighting Design Guidance:
• Design - Currently shown as part of the
Electrical Design Manual (EDM)
• Construction – Currently shown in VA Master
Lighting specifications 26 51 00 (Interior) &
26 56 00 (Exterior)
• Before 2012: LED task focused lighting (only) –
Surgical Lights, U/C Lights, Exam Lights
• Since 2012: LED ambient lighting allowed
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Near-future VA Lighting Design Guidance:
• Lighting Design Manual - under
development with HDR
• Tentative schedule to be published on
TIL – December 2015
• Lighting design parameters - inclusive
of LED and Fluorescent
• Lighting equipment - inclusive of LED
and Fluorescent
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Positive Impacts of LED:
• Energy saving
• Sustainable
• Ease in control and dimming
• Ease in automated color adapting
• Ease in maintenance
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Challenging impacts of LED:
• Design burden for renovation projects
• Open specification challenge on
uniformity for facility
• Lack of standardizations (i.e.
interchangeability, compatibility & color
rendering)
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Challenging impacts of LED:
(continued):
• Installation hiccups (i.e. incompatible
dimension, color, glare etc.)
• Maintenance hiccups (i.e. light loss, part
replacement etc.)
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Going Forward:
• Keep embracing LED technology
• Keep monitoring continued
development and advancement of
LED
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
New York Presbyterian Healthcare System is comprised of 2 academic medical centers, 4
regional hospitals, multiple ambulatory centers and physician practices, serving NYC and the
region as world-class Healthcare providers, ranked #1 in NY for the last 15 years.
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Lighting Challenges Case Studies
1. Maintainability
2. Energy and Efficiency
3. Color, Illumination Level and Controls
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
Report: The LED tray was difficult to remove, the safety cable
was too short, reflector tray screws had no stopping point
and screws were not captive. The manufacturer agreed to
adjust safety cable length and modify screw issues and LED
tray accessibility. The manufacturer provided a video showing
modifications.
CASE STUDY 1: Maintainability
New 750K SF Ambulatory Building with over 160 different fixtures/luminaires
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
CASE STUDY 2 : Energy + Efficiency
1.5M sf of corridors
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
CASE STUDY 2 : Energy + Efficiency
1. LM 79 and 80 (manufacturers test reports)
• Photometric Performance
• Chromaticity
• Lumen Maintenance
2. In-house campus electricians hands on review
3. Mock-up in situ review (patients, visitor, staff)
• Glare
• Color
• Brightness
• General appearance
4. Initial Cost v. Maintenance Costs
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
CASE STUDY 3 : Color, Illumination Level and Controls
Mock-up luminaire and dimmer within a patient room.
Target illuminance was 100 footcandles.
Actual illuminance was 115.6 footcandles.
CRI measured at 93 CCT.
Color temperature measured at 3300K.
22 different clinicians including nurses and doctors
reviewed at a variety of different times of the day.
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT LED LIGHTING:
Presents opportunities to enhance patient and staff satisfaction through far reaching controllability
Increases the reliance on lighting design professionals due to inherent complexities
Creates a need for facility managers and electricians to re-evaluate maintenance protocols
Not going away anytime soon, but for sure, tomorrow will not be the same as today
hdrinc.com | nyp.com | va.gov
What you do matters) do it well!
© 2015 HDR, Inc., all rights reserved.
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