US History East High School Mr. Peterson Fall 2010

US HistoryEast High School

Mr. PetersonFall 2010

How did the Glorious Revolution shape relations between England and its North American colonies?

What factors contributed most significantly to the growth and prosperity of the British mainland colonies?

 What factors explain the relative strengths of the

British, French, and Spanish empires in North America?

What were the most significant results of the Enlightenment and Great Awakening in the British colonies?

p. 89

Kings centralized powerLittle use for representative governmentDirect political control over colonies

Dominion of New EnglandConsolidated NE colonies into one unitTensions arise between colonies and Britain

Massachusetts hates Dominion

Protestants Mary (James’ daughter) and husband William of Orange invade BritainCatholic James overthrown, flees to FranceEnglish Bill of Rights-1689

“limited monarchy”

Dominion abolishedKing William III tries to control New EnglandTolerance of other Protestants requiredDemise of the New England Way

King William’s WarExtension of European War to North AmericaInvasion of New France

Queen Anne’s WarEngland and France (War of the Spanish

Succession)Spanish invade CarolinaAcadia captured by British, renamed Nova

Scotia

MercantilismNation’s power measured in wealth, esp. goldMaximize exports (exchange for gold)Not rely on other nationsColonies would provide raw materialsHome country manufactures goods, colonist marketsWar , if necessary, to gain raw materials, expand

markets, block rivalsNavigation Acts

Certain commodities must go through EnglandMolasses Act-taxed foreign molassesProtective tariffs on foreign goodsEncouraged colonies to diversify economies

England held demographic edge250,000 in English colonies by 1700

15,000 French and 4,500 Spanish1,170,000 in English colonies by 1750

60,000 French and 19,000 Spanish

English had better farmland, weather, healthier economies

English accepted most Protestant groups, even non-EnglishScots-Irish and GermansAnti-Catholic sentiment remained highSmall Jewish communities developed

Fig. 4-1, p. 96

Farmers typically had just enough land for themselvesAdult children would rent other landFarms were typically mortgagedNot paid off until reaching late fifties

Wives and daughters did household and close-in work on farmMarried women, with few exceptions, did not

own propertyWidows owned 8-10% of all property

p. 99

Rapid expansion east of AppalachiansTrees had to be cleared

Game drove awayDidn’t rotate crops

Used manure, except with tobacco

Map 4-1, p. 97

Cities key to prosperityOnly 4% of population by 1740Few significant cities: Philadelphia, New York,

Boston, CharlestonPoverty rose in cities

Women especially affectedChanging labor patterns

Move from apprentices and journeymen tradesmen to shorter term labor

Wealth concentrated in small number of families

p. 99

p. 101

Owners spent just enough to keep slaves alive40% of what was spent to maintain indentured servantsSome food provided, forage or raise other food

Creoles, American-born slavesSome slaves learned trades or worked in houses

Task system allowed some slaves time to grow own crops and earn some money

Gang system-work from dawn to dusk, sometimes longer

Slaves could be rented outBlack majority in South Carolina

Restrictions on slaves

Map 4-2, p. 98

p. 98

p. 102

Slave uprising in SCSuppressed brutallyStrict slave codes enacted

Small number became very wealthyGreater gentry

2% of populationOwned 15% of all property

Lesser GentryNext 8% of populationOwned 25% of property

Imitated refinements of upper class in EuropeSome would go on grand tour to Europe

04CO, p. 86

p. 105

French seek to strengthen hold in Mississippi ValleyNew Orleans established in 1718Difficult life for all in Louisiana

France tries to counter British in Ohio ValleyFrench post of Detroit establishedEnglish would offer better prices for goods

French, in general, treated Indians better, but could be brutal

French traders went into Rocky MountainsBought buffalo hides and Indian slaves

Great Plains and Great Basin Indians adopt horse and gun

p. 106

Map 4-3, p. 110

Depopulation and dislocation of nativesConflict came early to Carolina

Tuscarora War (1711-1713)Yamasee War (1715-1716)Covenant Chain

Iroquois help English conquer other IndiansIroquois become most powerful Indian group

Gen. James OglethorpeUnique experimentMilitary and philanthropic motives

Counter Spanish presence in FloridaLimited land holdingExcluded Africans initiallyExcluded CatholicsProhibited rumStrictly regulated trade with natives

Poor tradesmen and artisansEngland and Scotland

Religious refugeesGermany and Switzerland

Lowest percentage of English

p. 108

Statue of James OglethorpeSavannah, Georgia

Congregation Mickve IsraelFounded 1733

Spain controlled much of SE and SW by 1750Spread thin, sparsely populatedDepended on support of Natives Americans

p. 109

p. 110

King George’s War (1740-1748)War between Britain and SpainWar of the Austrian Succession in EuropeNew Englanders attack New France

p. 111

Colonial assemblies a major forceLower house elected by peopleUpper house appointed by governor

Trial of Peter ZengerEncouraged broad political participation and

discussion

p. 112

Well educated populationEnlightenment combined human reason with

skepticismBenjamin Franklin

Embodied Enlightenment in AmericaScience and public benefit

p. 114

Surge of Protestant revivalism, beginning in 1739Jonathan Edwards

Congregationalist minister“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

George WhitefieldRevival tour

Unprecedented split in ProtestantismNew Lights vs. Old LightsNew colleges formedAdded to prominence of women in religion

p. 87

p. 117

p. 118

US HistoryEast High School

Mr. PetersonFall 2010