Unit 4: Review

Unit 4: Review AP Psychology

Who conducted the Prison Experiment?

ZIMBARDO

LOSS OF SELF-RESTRAINT THAT OCCURS WHEN FGROUP MEMBERS FEEL ANONYMOUS

DEINDIVIDUATION

TENDENCY FOR SOME GROUPS TO MAKE BAD

DECISIONS…LIKE KENNEDY’S THE BAYOF PIGS

INVASION

GROUPTHINK

RULES ABOUT HOW PEOPLE SHOULD ACT IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS, DOESN’T HAVE TO BE

STATED ANYWHERE

NORMS

IN 1974 HE FOUND THAT OVER 60% OF PARTICIPANST

OBEYED THE EXPERIMENTER’S ORDERS

STANELY MILGRAM

SOLOMON ASCH (1951) STUDIED THIS WHEN HE FOUND THAT 1/3 OF THE

SUBJECTS GAVE THE WRONG ANSWER TO AGREE WITHGT

HE GROUP

CONFORMITY

PEOPLE PERFORM BETTER IN FORNT OF AN AUDIENCE THAN THEY DO WHEN THEY

ARE ALONE

SOCIAL FACILITATION

SIMILARITY, PROXIMITY, AND RECIPROCAL LIKING CAUSE US TO BE ______________

TO OTHERS

ATTRACTED

THE MORE PEOPLE THAT WITNESS THE CRIME, THE LESS LIKELY IT IS THAT SOMEONE WILL CALL OR GO FOR HELP

BYSTANDER EFFECT OR

DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY

Sheriff’s research (1966) at a summer camp established the

effectiveness of ________________________

Belief that one’s culture (ethnic or racial group) is superior to

others

ETHNOCENTRISM

AN UNDERSERVED NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TOWARD A GROUP

OF PEOPLE

PREJUDICE

ACTING ON PREJUDICE

DISCRIMINATION

WHEN EXPLAININGIN OTHERS’ BEHAVIOR, I BLAME INTERNAL CHARACTERISTICS, BUT FOR MY INAPPROPRIATE BX I TEND TO BLAME SITUATIONAL CUES

FUNDAMENTAL ATTIBUTION ERROR

OUR EXPECTATIONS ABOUT OTHERS CAN INFLUENCE THE WAY THOSE OTHERS

BEHAVE

SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY

IF YOU WANT SOMETHING, ASK FOR SOMETHING HUGE FIRST, AFTER YOUR DENIED ASK FOR

SOMETHING MORE REASONABLE

DOOR-IN-THE-FACE EFFECT

FESTINGER & CARLSMITH CONDUCTED A CLASSIC

EXPERIMENT ABOUT THIS IN THE 1950S. THEY FOUND THAT

PARTICIPANTS CHANGED THEIR ATTITUDES AND TOLD OTHERS THEY ACTUALL ENJOYED THE

BORING TASK THEY WERE ASKED TO COMPLETE

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

THE MORE I EXPERIENCE IT, THE MORE I LIKE IT

MERE EXPOSURE EFFECT

A SET OF BELIEFS AND FEELINGS

ATTITUDE

I AM A THEREAPIST TRAINED IN FREUDIAN

METHODS, I AM A…

PSYCHOANALYSTS

A HAVE GRADUATE (M.A.) IN PSYCHOLGY, I AM A

THEREAPIST, I DEAL WITH LESS SEVERE PROBLEMS

THAN A CLINICAL ONE

COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST

I COUNSEL CLIENTS, BUT HAVE A PH.D., NOT A M.D.

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS

I COUNSEL AND PRESCRIBE MEDS TO MY CLIENTS, I

GRADUATED FROM MEDICAL SCHOOL AND

HAVE A M.D.

PSYCHIATRISTS

A COMMON FORM OF PSYCHOSURGERY IN THE

1940S AND 1950S

PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY

I AM STILL USED TODAY AS A LAST RESORT TO TREAT

MAJOR DEPRESSION

ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)

I AM A SOMATIC THERAPY

I AM ATANQUILIZER

I AM COMMONLY CALLED XANAX AND VALIUM

ANTIANXIETY DRUGS

I AM USED TO TREAT MOOD DISORDERS

I MANIPULATE SEROTONIN

SOME REFER TO ME AS PROZAC

ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS

IF YOUR SYPTOMS INCLUDE DELUSIONS OR HALLUCINATIONS YOUR PSYCHIATRIST WILL PRESCRIBE ME

ANTIPSYCHOTICS, LIKE THORAZINE AND

HALDOL

WHAT IS THE VOCAB TERM DRUGS THAT TREAT

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS?

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

WHAT DO YOU CALL THERAPIES THAT PRODUCE BODILY

CHANGE?

SOMATIC THERAPIES

Albert Ellis started this therapy, one is encouraged to expose

and confront dysfunctional thoughts

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

(REBT or RET)

An example of this is REBT developed by

Ellis

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

This therapy locates the cause of the psychological

problem in the way that people think

Solution her is to change unhealthy thought patterns

Cognitive Therapy

A type of behavioral therapy involving operant

conditioningDesired behaviors are identified and rewarded and

rewards are exchanged for desired objects and privileges

Token Economy

Pairing a habit one wishes to break with an

unpleasant stimulus

Like smoking and nausea

Aversion Therapy

This involves having the client address the most

frightening scenario, produces extreme anxiety,

client soon realizes that their fears are irrational

FLOODING

Tries to get client to replace feeling of anxiety with

relaxation, often used to treat specific phobias

Systematic Desensitization

Charlie has been conditioned to cry whenever he enter the doctor’s office. His Mom uses this behavioral therapy technique, when she attempts to replace the conditioned fear of crying with contentment by bringing Charlie’s favorite snacks and toys with them every time they go to the doctors

Counterconditioning

Humanistic therapy that focuses on helping clients

achieve a subjective meaning to their lives

“What is the purpose of life?”

Existential Therapy

Developed by Fritz Perlsfocuses on the importance of the whole, goal is to get clients in touch with their whole selves

Gestalt Therapy

In this method used in client centered therapy, therapist say very little,

they encourage clients to talk = goal is to get clients

to choose a course of action for themselves

Active Listening (Reflective Listening)

The therapist uses blanket acceptance and

support of a person regardless of what the person says or does

Unconditioned Positive Regard

I created client-centered therapy, obviously I am a

humanist

CARL ROGERS (1902-1987)

This branch of therapy focuses on helping people

understand, accept themselves, and strive to

self-actualize

Humanistic Therapies

Psychologists that have been influenced by Freud’s work

Psychodynamic Theorists

Type of treatment that uses medicine for

psychological disorders, like RXs, ECT, or psychosurgery

Somatic Treatments

In the course of therapy this sometimes happens when patients begin to have strong feelings toward their therapist, they may think they are in love with

them or view them as a parental figure, or may seethe with hatred toward them

Transference

A term used by psychoanalysts to describe a patient disagreeing with

his/her therapist’s interpretation or suggestions

RESISTANCE

These techniques are used by

psychoanalysts to uncover unconscious

conflicts

Dream Analysis &

Free Association

Term used to refer to all forms of talk therapy

Psychotherapy