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Tweety Tuesday
Topic: British Imperialism
Ex: #India’sbrightestjewel
Tweety Tuesday
Topic: World Religions and Belief Systems
Ex: #Jesusismyhomeboy
Africa
-2nd largest continent-various geographic features:
Deserts, rain forests, savannah
-few natural harbors-navigable rivers-Salt, Iron, Gold and copper resources
Savanna- Fertile grassy plains
Where am I?
Africa’s GeographyThe Sahara is the largest desert in the world, and is expanding 50ft per year
The Sahara limited living space, but many trade routes were created
Huge mineral resources such as salt, gold and iron promoted trade
Climate Change
About 2500 BCE the Sahara started expanding (desertification)
This forced the Bantu tribe to move South, spreading their language and iron working skills.
ChinaAshoka
Rock Pillar Edicts
PapyrusSlash and Burn
Review
What agricultural technique did the Bantu
use?
Ancient Egypt created this paper-like substance
from river reeds
The greatest Mauryan leader was
_____________, he spread his belief in
Buddhism using these
What ancient civilization created paper,
gunpowder and porcelain?
MapsLabel the Sahara, Kalahari and Namib Deserts
Label the Nile, Niger, Congo and Zambezi Rivers
Label the savanna, forest and Mediterranean climates
Shade in the area of Ancient Egypt
Page 285
African Trade
Trade along the Mediterranean Sea linked Africa to Europe and the Middle East
Goods travelled along Saharan Trade routes to the Mediterranean Sea
Egypt and Carthage dominated Mediterranean trade
Egypt
Egypt was a trading empire. It dominated trade between North East Africa and Europe and the Middle East
Egypt specialized in trading gold, sculptures, papyrus and food
CarthageCarthage dominated North West Africa’s Mediterranean trade. They extended trade to Spain, France and Italy.
The Carthaginians eventually challenged Roman Trade routes and were destroyed by the Romans.
Growing Trade
African trade grew quickly with the introduction of the Asian Camel
Camels could transport up to 500 pounds and travel 20-30 miles a day.
The camels made Sahara trade more profitable
Sahara Trade RoutesTrade items:
-Fruit-Grains-Wine-Ivory-Gold-Salt
Africa Europe/Middle EastGoldFruitsLeather goodsCotton
SaltSteelSilkHorses
Gold and Salt
Salt came from the Europeans.
Africans need it to prevent dehydration by consuming salt
Salt is also used to preserve meats and other foods
Salt was literally worth its’ weight in gold
Empires
As the Saharan trade routes grew and valuable many strong monarchs (kings) gained control
Ghana
Mali
Songhai
GhanaLocated between two major rivers
King controlled the gold and salt trade. All goods entering or leaving the nation were taxed.
The King of Ghana had a huge army available to maintain order
GhanaThe King hired many Islamic counselors, officials and advisors.
This was the introduction of Islam into West Africa
Ghana maintained power through direct rule by the King and enforcement by his army
MaliOver time Ghana fell to the more powerful Mali empire
The Mali Empire was established by Sundiata, who was spared as a boy by invading forces. As he grew he became a powerful military leader. He regained control in 1250
Named his empire Mali, which means “where the king dwells” in Arabic
Mansa Musa 1312-1337
Mali gained control of both the salt and gold trade. And power was inherited by Mansa Musa.
Mansa Musa was the greatest of all the Mali kings
Even Today, Mansa Musa was the richest man EVER
Mansa MusaMusa was the greatest Mansa:-expanded the Empire to the Atlantic Ocean-Created a safe, peaceful and prosperous empire-converted to Islam and spread Arabic ideas
“There is complete and general safety throughout the land. The traveller here has no more reason to fear thieves than the man who stays home”
-Ibn Battuta
Review- IslamMansa Musa was a devoted Muslim. Part of Islam is adherence to the five pillars:
1) Only one god- Monotheistic
2) Prayer five times a day
3) Giving to the poor4) Fast during
Ramadan5) Hajj- travel to Mecca
Mansa Musa is best known for completing the HajjHajj- Muslims must travel to Mecca to pray
Musa’s HajjMansa Musa left on his hajj in 1324.
He took 500 servants and 100 camels laden with gold
The Hajj took over a year, with stops in major cities such as Cairo in Egypt
Cairo, EgyptMansa Musa gave gold to thousands of people in Egypt. Through trade and gifts he spent much of his gold.
He spent SO much gold, the value of it fell. The Economy of Cairo fell significantly due to TOO much gold
Effects of the HajjMansa Musa’s Hajj has significant effects on Western Africa
-Spread Islamic religion-new trading partners to the East-brought back Scholars who spread
their knowledge
However, Europeans soon hear about the vast wealth of this Mali King. This sparks interest which will end in imperialism Scholar- a person
who studies and has knowledge
SonghaiAfter Mansa Musa, Mali quickly crumbled
The Songhai Empire is set up by Sonni Ali, a warrior king
This king was able to control the great trade city of Timbuktu
Songhai
Askia succeeded Ali to the throne. Askia was a Muslim, and travelled on the Hajj. However, he did not have nearly the amount of wealth as Mansa Musa
Askia brought back many Islamic scholars creating a period of intellectual achievement in Timbuktu
TimbuktuCenter of Learning
Eventually absorbed into the Songhai empire. Overtime, even Timbuktu was overrun by powerful war lords
Negatives of Trade
While the vast trade routes brought riches and cultural diffusion, there were two significant negatives.
1) As word spread of Africa’s wealth, other empires wanted to control the resources
2) The slave trade begins due to access with the Europeans and desire for further trade
Where are these artifacts from?
Nubia
NubiaLocated south of Egypt, Nubia (Kush) was located in present day Sudan
Nubia traded gold, ivory, animal skins and slaves to the Egyptians and beyond.
They were heavily influenced by Egyptian society, art work, and culture
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