Tweety Tuesday

Topic: British Imperialism

Ex: #India’sbrightestjewel

Tweety Tuesday

Topic: World Religions and Belief Systems

Ex: #Jesusismyhomeboy

Africa

-2nd largest continent-various geographic features:

Deserts, rain forests, savannah

-few natural harbors-navigable rivers-Salt, Iron, Gold and copper resources

Savanna- Fertile grassy plains

Where am I?

Africa’s GeographyThe Sahara is the largest desert in the world, and is expanding 50ft per year

The Sahara limited living space, but many trade routes were created

Huge mineral resources such as salt, gold and iron promoted trade

Climate Change

About 2500 BCE the Sahara started expanding (desertification)

This forced the Bantu tribe to move South, spreading their language and iron working skills.

ChinaAshoka

Rock Pillar Edicts

PapyrusSlash and Burn

Review

What agricultural technique did the Bantu

use?

Ancient Egypt created this paper-like substance

from river reeds

The greatest Mauryan leader was

_____________, he spread his belief in

Buddhism using these

What ancient civilization created paper,

gunpowder and porcelain?

MapsLabel the Sahara, Kalahari and Namib Deserts

Label the Nile, Niger, Congo and Zambezi Rivers

Label the savanna, forest and Mediterranean climates

Shade in the area of Ancient Egypt

Page 285

African Trade

Trade along the Mediterranean Sea linked Africa to Europe and the Middle East

Goods travelled along Saharan Trade routes to the Mediterranean Sea

Egypt and Carthage dominated Mediterranean trade

Egypt

Egypt was a trading empire. It dominated trade between North East Africa and Europe and the Middle East

Egypt specialized in trading gold, sculptures, papyrus and food

CarthageCarthage dominated North West Africa’s Mediterranean trade. They extended trade to Spain, France and Italy.

The Carthaginians eventually challenged Roman Trade routes and were destroyed by the Romans.

Growing Trade

African trade grew quickly with the introduction of the Asian Camel

Camels could transport up to 500 pounds and travel 20-30 miles a day.

The camels made Sahara trade more profitable

Sahara Trade RoutesTrade items:

-Fruit-Grains-Wine-Ivory-Gold-Salt

Africa Europe/Middle EastGoldFruitsLeather goodsCotton

SaltSteelSilkHorses

Gold and Salt

Salt came from the Europeans.

Africans need it to prevent dehydration by consuming salt

Salt is also used to preserve meats and other foods

Salt was literally worth its’ weight in gold

Empires

As the Saharan trade routes grew and valuable many strong monarchs (kings) gained control

Ghana

Mali

Songhai

GhanaLocated between two major rivers

King controlled the gold and salt trade. All goods entering or leaving the nation were taxed.

The King of Ghana had a huge army available to maintain order

GhanaThe King hired many Islamic counselors, officials and advisors.

This was the introduction of Islam into West Africa

Ghana maintained power through direct rule by the King and enforcement by his army

MaliOver time Ghana fell to the more powerful Mali empire

The Mali Empire was established by Sundiata, who was spared as a boy by invading forces. As he grew he became a powerful military leader. He regained control in 1250

Named his empire Mali, which means “where the king dwells” in Arabic

Mansa Musa 1312-1337

Mali gained control of both the salt and gold trade. And power was inherited by Mansa Musa.

Mansa Musa was the greatest of all the Mali kings

Even Today, Mansa Musa was the richest man EVER

Mansa MusaMusa was the greatest Mansa:-expanded the Empire to the Atlantic Ocean-Created a safe, peaceful and prosperous empire-converted to Islam and spread Arabic ideas

“There is complete and general safety throughout the land. The traveller here has no more reason to fear thieves than the man who stays home”

-Ibn Battuta

Review- IslamMansa Musa was a devoted Muslim. Part of Islam is adherence to the five pillars:

1) Only one god- Monotheistic

2) Prayer five times a day

3) Giving to the poor4) Fast during

Ramadan5) Hajj- travel to Mecca

Mansa Musa is best known for completing the HajjHajj- Muslims must travel to Mecca to pray

Musa’s HajjMansa Musa left on his hajj in 1324.

He took 500 servants and 100 camels laden with gold

The Hajj took over a year, with stops in major cities such as Cairo in Egypt

Cairo, EgyptMansa Musa gave gold to thousands of people in Egypt. Through trade and gifts he spent much of his gold.

He spent SO much gold, the value of it fell. The Economy of Cairo fell significantly due to TOO much gold

Effects of the HajjMansa Musa’s Hajj has significant effects on Western Africa

-Spread Islamic religion-new trading partners to the East-brought back Scholars who spread

their knowledge

However, Europeans soon hear about the vast wealth of this Mali King. This sparks interest which will end in imperialism Scholar- a person

who studies and has knowledge

SonghaiAfter Mansa Musa, Mali quickly crumbled

The Songhai Empire is set up by Sonni Ali, a warrior king

This king was able to control the great trade city of Timbuktu

Songhai

Askia succeeded Ali to the throne. Askia was a Muslim, and travelled on the Hajj. However, he did not have nearly the amount of wealth as Mansa Musa

Askia brought back many Islamic scholars creating a period of intellectual achievement in Timbuktu

TimbuktuCenter of Learning

Eventually absorbed into the Songhai empire. Overtime, even Timbuktu was overrun by powerful war lords

Negatives of Trade

While the vast trade routes brought riches and cultural diffusion, there were two significant negatives.

1) As word spread of Africa’s wealth, other empires wanted to control the resources

2) The slave trade begins due to access with the Europeans and desire for further trade

Crash Course Review

Where are these artifacts from?

Nubia

NubiaLocated south of Egypt, Nubia (Kush) was located in present day Sudan

Nubia traded gold, ivory, animal skins and slaves to the Egyptians and beyond.

They were heavily influenced by Egyptian society, art work, and culture